Communication Challenges in Leadership Essay - 878 Words

I can be counted among those people who believe that age/generation do influence, contribute and decidedly impact how a leader communicates. Obviously, a good leader will learn how to transcend those influences but they are still a part of who he is and how he relates/communicates with his team. During a conversation with my uncle who has made his fortune in coaching and consulting with companies, he used the sender-receiver model discussed in the Module 6 reading (Lussier Achua, 2010, par. 4) to illustrate how communication can be affected by gender and age and values. His example was that he’s an older male, recently retired, Vietnam Veteran communicating with a younger, female, business owner and feedback is necessary to ensure†¦show more content†¦Since I was born in 1962, I see myself as being on the cusp of being both a Baby Boomer (which ends at 1960) and Generation X (beginning at 1960). (Duke University, n.d.) As a Baby Boomer, I share the characteristi cs of being optimistic, team-oriented and enjoying personal growth. I also have the Gen X characteristics of being techno-literate and self-reliant. (Duke University, n.d.) I was fascinated to hear my son’s conclusions on this topic. He sits on the cusp of Gen X and Gen Y but is also very well-versed in Baby Boomer communication, given that he served for years in the U.S. Marine Corps and had to adapt to many different leadership styles. He said he was absolutely certain there are differences in how leaders communicate based on age/generation. One of his observations was that the older generation tends to have and use a more advanced vocabulary. He believes the younger generation talk more than is needed to make their point. (K. Barbour, personal communication, April 12, 2011) An article in the New York Times during the 2008 presidential election helps to illustrate how being a member of the Traditionalists generation appeared to be a liability to the younger generation s in this era of high-tech. â€Å"There will always be people who take great delight in the powerful betraying cluelessness over technology†¦Some mocked President Bush, too, when he referred to his using â€Å"the Google† and â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Leadership : An Organization s Effectiveness And Productivity1315 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership has a direct cause and effect relationship upon organizations and their success â€Å"Leading involves working with other systems, weather individuals, families, groups, organizations or communities.† (Kirst-Ashman Hull, 2009, p.73) Employees like to feel wanted and valued within the organization that they work for. Being viewed as a leader or as a go to person within an organization provides a sense of belonging and most employees tend to take pride in that recognition. Leaders hold theRead MoreTransformational Leadership And The Quality Of Lateral Communication Within Healthcare932 Words   |  4 P agesLeadership Style Leaders have a profound effect on employee performance because they shape workers’ perceptions of the working environment. Consequently, some leadership styles are more effective with meeting particular objectives. Although personal attributes dictate a leader’s natural leadership style, effective leaders recognize the benefits and limitations of each style, understand the impact a style will have on the organization’s environment, and are capable of developing and incorporatingRead MoreImpact Of The British On Indian Business Culture1734 Words   |  7 Pages Global managers, and especially the Managing Director of JI (India), have to face several challenges. These challenges are not clearly defined and different types of challenges, who typify diverse cultural, political social systems, arise from a complex and dynamic world. â€Å"Cross-cultural Leadership†, â€Å"Ethical Leadership†, and â€Å" Change Leadership† had been identified as the most relevant ones concerning the case study. In terms of increasing globalisation, there is the need and necessity for managersRead MoreAddressing Challenges of Groups and Teams - Organizational Leadership967 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing Challenges of Groups and Teams Paper Linda Newman LDR/531 Organizational Leadership Instructor: M. 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Avolio and YammarinoRead MoreExecutive Summary : Partex Star Group1370 Words   |  6 Pagesas well. The leadersh ip assessment of Md. Quamruzzaman, COO and AKM Tariqul Islam, Head of Human Resources revealed their concern to change leadership structure in the organization. Their goal is to develop exemplary leaders in the organization and adopt the finest leadership culture. The purposes of this report are to address the current leadership style within the organization compared it with the rest of the industry and to conclude if there is any need for improvement in leadership practices. Read MoreEngaging Others With Leadership. The Healthcare System1551 Words   |  7 PagesEngaging Others with Leadership The healthcare system includes multiple individuals with unique leadership skills to improve the quality of care for the patients. Leadership can be defined as identifying a goal to motivate others to act a certain way and provide support (Daly, Jackson. Rumsey, Patterson, Davidson, 2015). Nursing leadership combines both personal traits and theories that depend on the personality of the leader (Scully, 2015). A positive outcome from nursing leadership is that it canRead MoreDeveloping Effective Cross Culture Communication953 Words   |  4 Pages The Eurocentric Germanizing authoritative leadership approach is no longer dominating in a colorful society of people (NewsBlaze, 2007). As globalization comes into realization, more and more people of various gender, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, and even disability will continue to change the course of leadership (Nahavandi, 2014; NewsBlaze, 2007). Successful leaders are challenged to adapt new methods to seek out effecti ve communication and address every human being with compassionRead MoreLeadership Management915 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership management We operate in an environment that is rapidly changing, dynamic and complex therefore leaders are quite essential for the success of any organization. The establishment of leadership positions and setting firm expectations for the people who hold those positions is an essential part when it comes to running successful organizations. Leaders are given the task of holding everyone who they are in charge of accountable to their actions and work. Leaders are also supposed to holdRead MoreLeadership Philosophy : A Leader s Employees, And Growth Of The Organization1595 Words   |  7 PagesA clear leadership philosophy is important to the success of a leader, development of the leader’s employees, and growth of the organization. As a future leader, I will explore my own leadership philosophy built on the principles of integrity, openness, and humility. I will discuss the importance of creating an environment that fosters mutual respect, recognizes each individual’s potent ial, and inspires success. Using my own philosophy as a guide, I will discuss and analyze the approach a commander

Hiv And Its Effects On Society - 3640 Words

Introduction The world is developing itself very fast and so does the life of people are getting affected by the developments caused due to these advancements in the structure of society. Although there is immense development done in every field, but the research has not been stopped, the scientists of every field are struggling to make their fields more advance and establish. Therefore, there is a lot of development done in every field up till now and still continued. Same is the matter with health issues of people, there are diseases which are treated by the doctors and they have a solution for those diseases but few diseases solutions are not developed yet completely. HIV is one of the diseases on which a lot of research has already been conducted, but, still scientists are working on this to get the best solution for the treatment. Hence, there are many procedures already available to deal with this disease, but not satisfactory, due to which further research is required in this context. Every country is facing the deaths of its people due to this disease, and have its own ratio of deaths, according to the treatment procedures available for the disease. The death rate of people is not only dependent on the bad treatment procedures and facilities, it is also because, some countries have more AIDS cases than others, and do not have control over the symptoms causing the disease more. A lot of countries took the initiative with UN and UNAIDS developed and contributed toShow MoreRelatedHiv And Its Effects On Society1724 Words   |  7 PagesHIV Song Choi 76914396 Public Health 1 2016 Dr. Zuzana Bic Public Health Problem HIV, which stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, belongs to a group of virus called retroviruses. HIV attacks the immune system and gradually causes greater and harmful damages. This means that without the proper care or treatment, a person who is affected by HIV is at a higher risk of developing infections and cancers than those who have a healthy immune system. HIV is an importantRead MoreHiv / Aids And Its Effects On Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous member or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk and through unprotected sex and needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. Medications mayRead MoreHiv Aids And Its Effect O n Society1790 Words   |  8 Pages HIV AIDS, which stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, are rapidly growing epidemics in our society. The wide public is not very informed about essential details of this disease; yet everyone thinks they know all there is to know about AIDS. Upon finalizing my topic, I verbalized it to my teacher in front of my class and received many interesting comments from my peers. â€Å"What are you going to say about AIDS for 10 whole pages?† said one. â€Å"We already knowRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1449 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is present around the world. HIV weakens the body’s immune system by attacking its defences against disease this later develops into AIDS which causes for the body to be unable to fight of illness and diseases it usually could (Afao.org. au, 2015). Chad a country of Sub Saharan Africa has an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/Aids. Working to decrease this a number promotional incentives are being run such as theRead MoreHow Has Aids Affected Our Society?1254 Words   |  6 PagesAIDS affected our Society? Today more Americans are infected with STDs than at any other time in history. The most serious of these diseases is AIDS. Since the first cases were identified in the United States in 1981, AIDS has touched the lives of millions of American families. This deadly disease is unlike any other in modern history. Changes in social behavior can be directly linked to AIDS. Its overall effect on society has been dramatic. It is unknown whether AIDS and HIV existed and killedRead MoreAddiction to Heroin704 Words   |  3 PagesHeroin and its subsequent misuse has been a contentious issue plaguing society for decades. With the advent of the internet, it is becoming more difficult to curtail many of the illegal activities individuals engage in regards to drug use. 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As Sheen outlines â€Å"It’s a hard three letters toRead MoreThe Fight Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( Hiv / Aids )1714 Words   |  7 Pagesinfection - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Africa and it became one of the earliest success stories (USAID 2004). However, the HIV-AIDS prevalence rates have been rising again drastically since 2011. Uganda now seeks for â€Å"Preventive Measures† lessons from other countries that had used it before as â€Å"a learning and reference point† (Monitor Uganda, May 8, 2013). Therefore, the question of interest in this paper is why are the rates of HIV-AIDS suddenly increasing in Uganda? AccordingRead MoreHiv/Aids in Africa Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesSub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world that is most affected by HIV/AIDS. The United Nations reports that an estimated 25.4 million people are living with HIV and that approximately 3.1 million new infections occurred in 2004. To put these figures in context, more than 60 percent of the people living with the infection reside in Africa. Even these staggering figures do not quite capture the true extent and impact that this disease causes on the continent. In 1998, about 200,000 Africans diedRead MoreWhy Hiv / Aids Is A Serious Medical And Social Issue?1602 Words   |  7 PagesSaju Khatri English1113 December 1, 2015 Why HIV/AIDS is a serious medical and social issue HIV/ AIDS is the serious problem of the world today. HIV is commonly known as Human Immune Deficiency Virus and AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Virus. HIV is the first stage and AIDS is the final stage of the same disease. HIV/AIDS is not itself a disease, but it decrease the power of immunity in the human body which will decrease the resistance capacity of the body to fight the disease. It is the fluid

Eaters Of The Dead (1280 words) Essay Example For Students

Eaters Of The Dead (1280 words) Essay Eaters Of The DeadEaters of the Dead â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† by Michael Crichton is a fiction but with historical background. Through this piece Crichton hopes to express the way of life for the Vikings in the year 922 AD while at the same time creating an entertaining story. Using a manuscript written by Ibn-Fadlan Crichton pieced together a book filled with adventure and excitement. Michael Crichton was born in Chicago, 1942 and always knew he had a talent for writing. He attended Brown University and has since published many books such as â€Å"Jurassic Park†, â€Å"The Rising Sun†, â€Å"Disclosure†, and many more. Several of his books have been made into movies, for example, â€Å"Jurassic Park†, â€Å"The Lost World†, â€Å"Sphere†, â€Å"Congo†, and â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† is coming to theatres this summer starring Antonio Banderas. Michael Crichton is also the writer of the hit TV show â€Å"ER†. Ibn-Fadlan is a refined Arab courtier representing the powerful Caliph of Baghdad and the whole story line is based on his travels. He is a Muslim and is sent to the Bulgar land to instruct the king in the Islamic religion, acquaint the king with Islamic laws, and build a Mosque in the city. Little does Ibn-Fadlan know where his travels will lead him. Wyglif is the present chief of the Northmen (at the time) he has fallen ill and is believed to have no chance of recovery. Once he dies, shortly after becoming ill, Buliwyf is made the new leader. Buliwyf is a young noble chosen to be the Northmens new leader once Wyglif dies. He is a courageous warrior, very tall and strong, and skin, hair, and beard of pure white. Herger, one of the Northmen warriors, also became Ibn-Fadlan’s friend. He helped him to translate the words of the Northmen and also helped Ibn-Fadlan become accustomed to their way of life and how to act around the Northmen. â€Å"The Wendols† are characters in the story who, as told by Ibn-Fadlan, do not seem fully human. They ride on the back of a black horse and have the head of a bear. They are extremely fierce warriors and are quite vindictive. They give off a stench so strong it hurts to breathe because they consume human flesh and it is always on their breath. They come with the mist, a dark fog that encircles the land when the Wendols come. Mother Wendol is the leader of the wendols and said to be extremely old. To finally beat the Wendols, one must kill her. She lives in the cave by the sea surrounded by coiled serpents all the time. She makes an almost painful sound when she screams and smells the worst of them all. Ibn-Fadlan is an Ambassador to the Caliph of Baghdad and has been sent to teach the King of Bulgar the Islamic way of life, and to build a Mosque in the city. On his way to Bulgar, he stops with his party in the land of the Northmen. Being extremely hospitable people they welcome the Arabs to their homes and provide them with food, clothing, and shelter for a few nights. As it so happens, their chief is very ill and while they are there, he dies. The Northmen will not let the Arabs leave their land until after the funeral and ceremonies. During this long process, kin of the new leader arrives and asks for the Northmens help in defeating the Wendols. According to the Angel of Death, an old woman said to have magical powers, thirteen warriors must go to the land of the wendol, one of them not being a Northmen. Buliwyf, the chief of the Northmen demands Ibn-Fadlan to accompany the men in their battle and become the thirteenth warrior. He will not take no for an answer, and so, Ibn-Fadlan’s journey begins. .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 , .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .postImageUrl , .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 , .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:hover , .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:visited , .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:active { border:0!important; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:active , .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622 .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99d57aaaa3ce4ec78253d8028f984622:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Miss Brill Essay Twelve other warriors accompanied Ibn, Buliwyf, Ecthgow, Higlak, Skeld, Weath, Roneth, Halga, Helfdane, Edgtho, Rethel, Haltaf, and Herger. With them, Ibn traveled across the oceans and fought many battles. Ibn learned their culture, way of life, and their language. He formed many friendships and gained a new perspective on life. Though there were many difficult tasks to accomplish but Ibn managed well and didn’t realize what he was really in for. Warned many times about the wendols Ibn shrugged it off. He didn’t realize the severity of the situation he was in. They fought the wendol several times, only killing off a few and pushing the surviving wendol to want revenge. After being beaten badly, Buliwyf announced their new plan, to attack the wendol at their core, Mother Wendol. They would go to the cliff above the cave and climb down, taking the back entrance in. From there they would attack the wendol when they least expected it and hopefully kill their leader. Upon arrival at the cliff, Ibn knew he was in for something extreme, just climbing down the cliff was something he thought would bring him to his death. One by one, the Northmen went down the cliff, with only the rocky shore below. Finally they reached the cave and attacked. After many wendol had been killed, Buliwyf went for the mother wendol. He stabbed her many times, all the while Ibn fought off the other wendols. No matter how many times she was stabbed, mother wendol would not fall. Finally Buliwyf struck with the fatal blow and the mother wendol collapsed over dead. As Buliwyf turned around, the remaining warriors noticed a silver pin in his stomach that the mother wendol had stuck into him. As he pulled it out, a gush of blood came with it, and after being reassured of the slaves, horses and treasure he would be allowed to take into the afterlife, Buliwyf passed away. But the wendol came back. They knew of the Northmens leaders death and took advantage of the Northmens weakness. As Ibn put it â€Å"no words can describe the final attack of the wendol in the mist, no words will say what blood was spilled, what screams filled the thick air, what horses and horsemen died in hideous agony† After the day passed, and the devastation was taken care of, Ibn remained with the Northmen for several weeks. After a while he began to long for his homeland and told the Northmen of his situation. With a warm farewell the Northmen bade Ibn-Fadlan goodbye and sent him off to Baghdad, home at last. â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† was written in first person and was written in a positive manner. Even with all the death and destruction the tale had its good times. Ibn conquered many demons, including most of his own. He had good times with the Northmen and learned so much, it was a new experience and showed him a whole different point of view. The language in the book was very formal and a lot of good vocabulary words were used. Dialect was used in accordance with the Northmen tradition. The length of the book was just right, not to short or too long. It kept my interest the whole time. I think the book was well written and interesting. It had a lot of historical information but was extremely entertaining at the same time. I gained a better perspective on the way of life for a culture I never knew I would learn anything about. Though they were different from us, the Vikings had many good attributes to their society and it intrigued me to learn about them. English Essays

Plastic Surgery for Medical Reasons free essay sample

There were 14. 6 million cosmetic plastic surgery procedures performed in 2012 alone (Minimally). People are getting plastic surgery for psychological needs. Some people may need it because of low self-esteem, depression, society, and more. People may go to the extreme and may commit suicide because of how people make fun of them; this is where plastic surgery can be a solution. There are many benefits to getting plastic surgery and the safety of these procedures has increased. There are many different types of plastic surgery, why people get it, what choices you should make, an ncrease in how many people get it, and the psychosocial need of getting surgery. Plastic surgery refers to surgical correction or restoration of a form of function to change the appearance of ones body or characteristics. There are many different types of plastic surgery that surgeons do to make people feel better about themselves. Below I have listed some of the different types of surgeries that people have that are the most common. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Surgery for Medical Reasons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Abdominoplasty, also known as a tummy tuck, makes the abdomen area firmer. Blepharoplasty reshapes the upper or lower eyelid. Breast augmentation, breast reduction and breast lift to enlarge, reduce and reshape the breasts. Buttock augmentation is to either lift or enlarge the buttocks through inter section of implants. Chemicals are used to improve and smooth the facial skin that is affected by acne, pock, scars, or wrinkles. Face-lifts to minimize the wrinkles by removal of excess facial skin. Liposuction is to remove the fat from different parts of the body, typically from the abdomen, buttock and thighs. Rhinoplasty is to reshape he nose and otoplasty is to reshape the ear; mostly to bring them closer to the head. Chin augmentation is to reshape the chin using implants and cheek augmentation to reshape the cheekbones using implants (Types). There are many different types of surgeries you can have done, but its not only minimal to surgeries. This decision is personal to make of ones well being for these types of procedures. People become more proud of whom they are after they have fixed their body part that they wanted altered. People need to be confident in their looks. These procedures are for altering ones looks; they need to feel better about the way they look. A lot of people tell you that there are so many complications that can go wrong, but really they are Just trying to scare you out of getting surgery. There are complications, but they are very rare because of technology these days. Plastic surgery has been increasing because of the need to fit into society. The result of looking in the media about getting plastic surgery is that we are more image conscious. We look at models and actresses and elebrities and many people want to look like them; this is a sign of society showing that good and looks are a sign of success. In the earlier years it wasnt an issue that people needed to look thin and pretty to be liked. The lower cost of surgery gives more options for people who want plastic surgery; they can get it because its price is reduced. One of the biggest reasons people want plastic surgery is because it is available and because they can get it. In the future I can still see plastic surgery increasing in growth over the years. To get educated on what procedure you want to do, look at books, read articles, and talk to specialists. The surgeon my give you a brief explanation on what these complications are. Decide on a surgeon you want to they have done in the past that is the same procedure you are about to do. Plastic surgery has been so open to society because many celebrities are open to talk about it. If there werent consistent, good, predictable results, we wouldnt be doing the surgery. Plastic surgery is increasing yearly, whether its minor or major types of surgery. The greater the number of times a plastic surgeon does a procedure, the greater the chance he is more likely to perfect what he will be reconstructing on people. I think technology has improved as well, how it has become safer. The rates from 2011 to 2012 have increase by five percent. In 2012 there were 14. 6 million plastic surgery procedures done, including the minimally invasive procedures. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASAP) has calculated the statistics on the three different types of surgeries. Cosmetic minimally invasive procedures increased six ercent, with more than 13 million procedures in 2012. The top five procedures were botulinum toxin type A, soft tissue fillers, chemical peel, laser hair removal, and microdermabrasion. The cosmetic surgical procedures had about 1. 6 million procedures in 2012. The top five procedures were breast augmentation, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery, liposuction, and face-lift. Reconstructive plastic surgery, which improves function and appearance to abnormal structures, has increased one percent in 2012.

Free Essays on Theft Study

Research Design For the purpose of explaining why individuals participate in employee theft crimes, the researcher conducted a cross-sectional study over a period of four months. To select the target population the researcher requested a list of adult offenders convicted of larceny crimes in the Waterford County Courts as the target population. These offenders were sentenced to the Waterford County Office of Probation. Chief Probation Officer Joseph Wells provided the researcher with a list of 4,000 adult offenders convicted of misdemeanor larceny crimes within the past four years in Waterford County. They were sentenced to a period of supervised probation. For the purpose of this research study, employee theft, also known as internal theft is defined as, the unauthorized taking of money, merchandise or services from one’s employer. The term employee includes those working part-time, full-time and regular employees and managerial staff. As previously mentioned in the theoretical model, the researcher presented four independent variables that seek to explain why individuals are involved in employee theft crimes. Variable one, known as the lack of conventional values, summarized in the Social Bond theory by Travis Hirschi. Conventional values are recognized as the normal or acceptable behaviors recognized by law-abiding citizens. The absence or lack of these values makes and individual susceptible to committing criminal acts. Variable two is known as the negative influence of peers and summarized in principle three of Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association theory. For this research study, the negative influence of peer s is recognized as pressure or compelling factors from one’s peers including co-workers to participate in employee theft crimes despite the possibility of apprehension and punishment. The lack of management supervision, variable three, is recognized as the absence of adequate internal controls in the form ... Free Essays on Theft Study Free Essays on Theft Study Research Design For the purpose of explaining why individuals participate in employee theft crimes, the researcher conducted a cross-sectional study over a period of four months. To select the target population the researcher requested a list of adult offenders convicted of larceny crimes in the Waterford County Courts as the target population. These offenders were sentenced to the Waterford County Office of Probation. Chief Probation Officer Joseph Wells provided the researcher with a list of 4,000 adult offenders convicted of misdemeanor larceny crimes within the past four years in Waterford County. They were sentenced to a period of supervised probation. For the purpose of this research study, employee theft, also known as internal theft is defined as, the unauthorized taking of money, merchandise or services from one’s employer. The term employee includes those working part-time, full-time and regular employees and managerial staff. As previously mentioned in the theoretical model, the researcher presented four independent variables that seek to explain why individuals are involved in employee theft crimes. Variable one, known as the lack of conventional values, summarized in the Social Bond theory by Travis Hirschi. Conventional values are recognized as the normal or acceptable behaviors recognized by law-abiding citizens. The absence or lack of these values makes and individual susceptible to committing criminal acts. Variable two is known as the negative influence of peers and summarized in principle three of Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association theory. For this research study, the negative influence of peer s is recognized as pressure or compelling factors from one’s peers including co-workers to participate in employee theft crimes despite the possibility of apprehension and punishment. The lack of management supervision, variable three, is recognized as the absence of adequate internal controls in the form ...

Job Opportunities for Teaching English Abroad

Job Opportunities for Teaching English Abroad Over the past few decades teaching English abroad has become a career choice for many native English speakers. Teaching English abroad offers an opportunity to not only see the world but to also get to know local cultures and customs. As with any profession, teaching English abroad can be rewarding if approached in the right spirit and with your eyes open. Training Teaching English abroad is open to almost anybody who has a bachelors degree. If you are interested in teaching English abroad to broaden the horizons, theres really no need to worry about getting a masters degree in ESOL, TESOL. However, it is important to acquire a TEFL or CELTA certificate when teaching English abroad. The providers of these certificates usually offer a basic month long course that teaches you the ropes of teaching English abroad. There are also online certificates to prepare you for teaching English abroad. If you are interested in an online course, you can take a quick look at my review of i-to-i aimed at those interested in teaching English abroad. However, many people in the profession feel that the online certificates are not nearly as valuable as certificates taught on site. Personally, I think there are valid arguments that can be made for both types of courses. Finally, one important aspect is that many of these certificate providers also offer help in job placement. This can be a very important factor when deciding which course is right for you in your efforts to begin teaching English abroad. For more information on certificates necessary for teaching English abroad you can refer to these resources on this site: Getting a Teaching Certificate  - TESOL Teacher CertificationESL Teacher Training and Certification ResourcesGetting Qualified as an ESL Teacher Job Opportunities Once you have received a teaching certificate you can begin teaching English abroad in a number of countries. Its best to take a look at some of the more important job boards to check out the opportunities. As you will quickly find out, teaching English abroad doesnt always pay very well, but there are a number of positions that will help out with housing and transport. Make sure to check out these ESL / EFL job board sites when you start applying for teaching English abroad. Before you begin looking for a job, its a good idea to take a while to understand your own priorities and expectations. Use this advice on teaching English abroad article to help you get started. TEFL.com - Probably the site with the most jobs posted. ESL Employment - Another fantastic resource. Europe Teaching English abroad requires different documentation for different countries. For example, if you are interested in teaching English abroad in Europe, its very difficult to get a working permit if you are not a citizen of the European Union. Of course, if you are an American interested in teaching English abroad and are married to a European Union member, thats not a problem. If you are from the UK and interested in teaching English abroad on the continent - its no problem at all. Asia Teaching English abroad in Asia generally, offers many more opportunities to US citizens because of high demand. There are also a number of job placement agencies that will help you find work in teaching English abroad in Asia. As always, there are some horror stories out there, so beware and make sure to find a reputable agent. Canada, UK, Australia and the USA Its been my experience that the United States offers the fewest job opportunities of any of the native English speaking countries. That might be because of difficult visa restrictions. In any case, if you are teaching English abroad in a native English speaking country, youll find opportunities abound for special summer courses. As always, rates arent usually that high, and in some cases teaching English abroad also means being responsible for a certain number of student activities such as field trips and various sporting activities. Teaching English Abroad Long Term If you are interested in teaching English abroad for more than just the short term, you should consider further training. In Europe, the TESOL diploma and Cambridge DELTA diploma are popular options to deepen your teaching expertise. If you are interested in teaching English abroad at a university level, a masters degree in ESOL is certainly advisable. Finally, one of the best long-term opportunities for teaching English abroad is in English for Specific Purposes. This is often known as business English. These jobs are often on-site in various workplaces and often offer better pay. They are also much harder to find. While teaching English abroad, you may want to move in this direction if you are interested in teaching English abroad as a career choice.

Contemporary Quebec Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary Quebec Nationalism - Essay Example Among the main achievements of Quite Revolution, the health insurance plan and the education system should be noted. Daniel Johnson won the election as head of Union Nationale. He followed the same steps as those of Lasage but in different terms. He prepared the way of eliminating preferred reference of ethnicity as the major element when defining nationalism. Johnson preferred the sociological definition of the nation to ratify that the two countries exist in Canada. The nation duality did not depend on the ethnic origin but the culture of citizens. The liberation of the French-Canadian nation was enabled through the appropriation of the state. Rene Levesque founded the "movement souverainete-association† that later became "Parti Quebecois†. In 1967, Là ©vesque advanced a thesis that remained unchanged over years. The English Canada looked to simplify, rationalize and centralize powers to central government. The Quebec, on the other hand, went in the opposite direction. The nationalism that characterized the Quiet Revolution was on the basis of the dynamism of state action. In conclusion, nationalism has been sustained by the will to preserve and affirm the collectivity of the nation. Since the Quiet Revolution, Quebec has developed a nationalist ideology making the state of Quebec one of the major elements of identification of social, economic and political promotion of Francophone. Economically, francophones have been able to implement a network of financial, industrial and service businesses with the state’s support.

Emiratisation Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emiratisation - Thesis Proposal Example By 2005, up to 29,000 nationals had registered in the national  job  seeking  body; among them were those who had never been employed while others had only had high school certificates and no further evidence of higher education.  The government sought to reassure nationals’ priority in the recruitment and hiring processes in the private sector by establishing laws compelling privately owned companies to  employ  nationals in case of any openings.  This move by the UAE government has given nationals an  entitlement  to jobs, which has, in turn, lead to them being unappreciative of their jobs and at the same time, employers do not  take  them seriously (Kerr 24). Imposing the employment of nationals to the UAE private sector has resulted in the nationals thinking possess the right to a job resulting in them becoming unmotivated and adopt a relaxed attitude towards the job.  This has  consequently  compelled  company  managers to  limit  the workload on nationals as the employers  consider  the former as  flippant  in performing their duties. In addition, these private companies have to pay hefty salaries to inexperienced University graduates who  demand  salaries above the more professionally  experienced  and  qualified  expatriates. Further to receiving hefty salaries, these nationals expect to receive  rapid  promotions despite their minimal  work  input  (Al-Ali 369). Such demands  place  company  managers at a disadvantageous  position  as they have to  balance  the company’s need for profitability against the fact that they cannot fire unproductive employees who are natio nals of UAE (Kerr 26). Providing employment to those poorly  qualified  and  inexperienced  is  detrimental  to the performance of companies and the economy as a whole. This is because this move impedes on business’ progress, which may lead to downsizing, compounding the problem that emiratization

Female Drill Sergeant Essay Example for Free

Female Drill Sergeant Essay Drill sergeant (DS) refers to the term that is used in United States military by the army, marine corps and air force. Becoming a drill sergeant can be through volunteering or by selection. The minimum status for attaining this state can only be at the rank of staff sergeant. Once a selected candidate, he/she should attend the Drill Sergeant School where he/she undergoes training on various aspects of the drill sergeant position. The historical start up of drill sergeant was in 1962. This followed a directive by the secretary of the army to his secretary who was Stephen Ailes to prompt a survey conduct of the recruiting process of the army corps. This survey took some long time and included surveys from the Air Force, Marine and the Navy training techniques. Various faults were found in the recruitment process and thus led to the position of the drill sergeant. The basic distinguishing feature for the drill sergeants was their hats. (http://www. jackson. army. mil/DSS/headgear. htm) However, since its inception in 1962, the position was not held by a female until 1972 where female drill sergeants were pronounced recruited and even given different hats than those held by their male counterparts. The design of their hat was done by Mildered C. Bailey who was a brigadier general. Beige was the first female drill sergeant hat though it was later replaced with one of dark green in 1983. Between 1984 and 1985, a proposal was made for an official switch by the female drill sergeants in having the same hat to what was owned by the male drill sergeants. On the same point, a larger group of female drill sergeants who were at TRAining and DOctrine Command (TRADOC) unit leveraged great opposition to the proposal. It was reciprocated by the Army Chief of Staff that the female drill sergeants were to continue in wearing the same female drill sergeant hats that they used to wear. The female drill sergeant started in the late of 1971 when the continental army commandant received an official approval as permission from the army chief of staff to propagate inclusion of females in the drill sergeant state program. Starting in the February of 1972, the program saw promotion of six female non-commissioned officers in the program. They underwent thorough training after which they were given the mandate of their positions as female drill sergeants. In the United States, the female drill sergeant refers to a non-commissioned officer within the armed forces. She has the duty of participating in the initiation of the recruitment process of new recruits who enters the military. In the recruitment process the sergeant is supposed to follow the legal provisions and jurisdictions of the practices and customs of the military forces. The inclusion of the female drill sergeants in the army since 1971 was a significance factor that helped in shaping the nature of the army. Equality was signified after breaking the traditions that ignored females in the position of drill sergeants. (http://www. armystudyguide. com/content/Drill_Sergeant_Resources/drill_sergeant_information/female-campaign-hat. shtml) Like the male drill sergeants, a female drill sergeant is usually held responsible in the behavior, military education and warfare of the army recruits assigned to her. She is therefore supposed to provide full support during the initial period of the training process. They are paused with various responsibilities of ensuring physical training, weapons training and the military discipline. Their service delivery and the protocols to follow while at their service delivery is guided by the drill sergeant creed which they should follow. Generally, this is a guiding formula towards their capacities. The three levels of the army, that is the marine, air force and army have different sets of such a creed though their intention is made to serve and secure almost the same set of guidelines for the female drill sergeants. Conceptually, female drill sergeants at the three levels of the military army are also subject to different duties and different training requirements. Due to the different requirements of these military professional levels the training needs and the roles of the female drill sergeant has been different. However, the general role across the board for all levels for these female drill sergeants has been to monitor the training process of the new recruits and guiding of such training needs. (http://www. wood. army. mil/mncoa/dss/history. htm) Since the provision of female drill sergeants in 1971, the position of female drill sergeants have been legally constituted and especially with the growing demand for army professionals. However, the position has always been competitively bided and requires both physical and academic competencies. The number of the current female drill sergeants has been seen to increasingly expand and giving more opportunity for the female participation in the position. The currently changing social structures and need for human security has endorsed a credited place for the female drill sergeant. The current military environment has even mandated her with supervisory and command powers at her capacity for those she is training. Therefore, historical provision that allowed only male drill sergeants was disregarded in 1971 after visualizing the productive capacity that women could play in the military. Elsewhere, the growing demand of equal employment opportunity was significant for this change. Currently, female drill sergeants continue to enjoy equal opportunities like their male colleagues in their position. Reference History of Drill Sergeant. Retrieved on 25th August 2008 from http://www. wood. army. mil/mncoa/dss/history. htm Female Drill Sergeant Campaign Hat. Retrieved on 25th August 2008 from http://www. armystudyguide. com/content/Drill_Sergeant_Resources/drill_sergeant_information/female-campaign-hat. shtml Drill Sergeant School. Retrieved on 25th August 2008 from http://www. jackson. army. mil/DSS/headgear. htm

The Fall of Man :: essays research papers

Alienation: The Fall of Man through the Breaking of Moral Law Is it possible to attain or remain in a state of true happiness when you break a moral law? To many of us, road signs have been handed down through the generations and are posted clearly as the 10 Commandments delivered to us through Moses. These commandments are generally viewed as religious moral laws, but can they be viewed also as natural laws of morality for all to heed regardless of religious belief? Consider the chaos if we inverted their intended meaning, remove the word ‘not’, and apply ‘Thou Shall Kill’ or ‘Thou Shall Commit Adultery’, as new commandments. Would these new commandments conflict with natural laws of morality? The story by Andre Dubus, â€Å"Killings†, and Anton Chekhov, â€Å"The Lady with the Pet Dog†, show alienation as a horrible consequence we can suffer when a moral law is broken. In the story, â€Å"Killings†, Dubus reveals in detail, the alienation Matt and Ruth experience after Matt executes the revenge murder. In Chekhov’s story of â€Å"The Lady with the Pet Dog†, Anna and her lover, Dmitri, become familiar with alienation after they begin their extra-marital affair. The stories are completely different, however, the authors carefully guide us on a journey into brokenness and deep sadness, only to witness a deeper tragedy of self-imposed imprisonment: Alienation. Alienation caused by grave wrongdoing. Dubus and Chekhov give us insight to the effects of breaking a moral law by directly showing us how we can be impacted when we commit murder or commit adultery. Breaking moral law is shown to alienate us in ways we may not straightforwardly anticipate. In both stories, the protagonists are alienated from any notion of a supreme being. This is shown extensively through setting, tone, and action showing how the protagonist hide from their surroundings, especially from the events that are occurring or are about to occur. In â€Å"Killings†, Matt’s alienation from a supreme being begins within him at the time he begins to carry a gun, a gun that he must conceal, else face possible prison time. Matt’s friend Willis points this out when he asks, â€Å"You got a permit?†, when Matt responds that he doesn’t, then Willis seems to warn Matt, â€Å"†¦ you could get a year for that† (85), directly pointing out to him he’s breaking a law. Matt knows that for, â€Å"He had always been a fearful father† (88), and even though he still demonstrates a respect for nature and a love for his family, he now behaves indifferently about the potential consequences.

Moby Dick Essay Essay

Moby-Dick is a novel of darkness. Though Melville did not intend it, his story, I find, can only be read at night by a dim light on my patio, looking out over the starlit desert. As I read, I sense the darkness of his story. I am not moved to fright or horror by it, but I feel those shadows move in. Psyche is near but not yet touchable. Something is missing, at least if you’ve only read to Chapter 40. There is darkness, jocularity, hints of imminent catastrophe, and pleasant old English to be read. The story is only just developing. Ahab, Ishmael, Starbuck, Stub, Flask, and Moby-Dick: all of these characters are well known in our modern, literary world. Ishmael’s narrative sets their qualities clearly, but this is only a tool of literary character development. The reader is not drawn into the horror that has occurred (Ahab’s dismemberment) or into the horror to come until Chapter  41. We are faced with Ahab’s madness in Chapter 36 and, with Ishmael; we stand in awe of the power of the man, overlooking the depth of his madness. Chapter 41—curiously named by the title of the book—finally brings the horror to reality as Ishmael personifies the shadow within Moby Dick- the whale, and the madness in Ahab. Moby-Dick, the White Whale itself, is only a representation of the sperm whale species so clearly unique and delineated by Melville in earlier chapters. It is difficult to be either drawn to him—Moby-Dick—or repelled by him. That can only happen once the whale becomes the personification of the psychological Shadow. When we personify something, we move it closer to its archetypal meaning. In this essay, Moby-Dick becomes the personification of Shadow in all of us. Within that Shadow are found fear, vengeance, ferocity, and murderous rage. Personification by itself is not enough. Moby Dick is used as a vessel by the shadow, and once the Shadow is contained by the image of Moby-Dick, anyone with knowledge of archetypal images can clinically dissect it and, thereby, miss what Melville is trying to accomplish: linkage of the archetype to the insane Ahab. So the archetype is doubly personified, first in the embodiment of the White Whale, then in the humanity of Captain Ahab. Shadow exists in the presence of humanity, insane or not. If we are to understand madness, it must be personified. As the chapter opens, Ishmael ponders over his own participation in the excitement generated by Ahab’s grandiosity. Transference has occurred and now Ishmael senses, â€Å"A wild, mystical, sympathetically feeling†¦; Ahab’s quenchless feud seemed mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 155). The counter transference is manifested in the arousal of the crew to do Ahab’s bidding. Before that can happen, though, Moby-Dick must become real. Ishmael relates the factual calamities caused by the sperm whale then, the rumors running widespread throughout the â€Å"fishery. †Ã‚  Ã‚  He points us to these facts and rumors and further says that it is not surprising that â€Å"whalemen should go still further in their superstitions; declaring Moby-Dick not only ubiquitous, but immortal (for immortality is but ubiquity in time)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 158). Ishmael cites contemporary authors who rave of the ferocity of the Sperm whale saying even sharks nearby are â€Å"‘†¦struck with the most lively terrors’ and ‘often in the precipitancy of their flight dash themselves against the rocks†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 57). These contemporary authors begin the process of personification. The whale seems to live in rage and fury. The â€Å"phantom† of fear and threat from the white whale strikes animals into their instincts to be fearful of such a mysterious thought. The sharks indeed can be personified as Ahab and his crew, fearful of the whale and the shadow within it. Moby Dick has been shown to hold the Shadow and all the malicious implications of that Shadow. Our fears and terrors now have a point—the whale, in space and time upon which to hang. In some strange way, our fears and terrors have an altar upon which we can sacrifice them. The whale becomes the god and, like Ahab, we point to it as source and origin of all that ails us, consciously and unconsciously. The whale/Shadow lives each day with us. We have reflected, as Ahab has, on its presence and now contemplate its destruction. The moral here is about to be conveyed through the character of Ahab, as his emotions represent the act of emotional self-defense. According to Sigmund Freud, The mind may avoid the discomfort of consciously admitting personal faults by keeping those feelings unconscious, and by redirecting libidinal satisfaction by attaching, or â€Å"projecting,† those same faults onto another person or object, which in this case Ahab projects those faults on Moby Dick, the white sperm whale. And now we turn to Ahab. Ishmael presents us with one telling sentence: â€Å"The White Whale swam before him as a monomaniac incarnation of all those malicious agencies which some deep men feel eating in them, till they are left living on with half a heart and half a lung. (1967, p. 160) As with many a madness, Ahab suffered a physical trauma. He lived through the physical healing of that wounding but â€Å"his torn body and gashed soul bled into one another; and so interfusing, made him mad. † (1967, p. 160)  Ã‚  Ishmael incorporates poetic speech in his attempt to say that this madness personified in Ahab could afflict any of us. The soul of a human is affected by physical punishment such as humiliation penetrates the mental state of mind of the victim. One, in act of self-pity, will act upon the most dangerous undertaking to remove the humiliation from their mental state. Ahab comes to personify Madness itself as evinced in his ravings to the crew, his introspection in Chapter 37, and now by Melville’s delineation of the onset of that madness, in the voice of Ishmael. The reader makes this move, not Ishmael. Our own Shadow points to Ahab instead of inwardly; Ahab are substance, which will hold our conception of our own potentiality to madness. We nod our heads in affirmation of Ishmael’s narrative as he talks of â€Å"this grey-headed, ungodly old man, chasing with curses a Job’s whale round the world, at the head of a crew, too, chiefly made up of mongrel renegades, and castaways, and cannibals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 62). It is Shadow that drives this Captain beyond his ability to understand. So Shadow stands now doubly personified in whale and man. The shadow which presents itself through a man’s raging passion subconsciously pushes a victim to think and act beyond the norm to rid our minds of that threatened psyche and the burning fire of revenge in the human soul. We have seen the psychology in this fiction. Now ask: where resides this fiction in psychology? Don’t let the enormity of this story cloud the metaphor. This happens every day in the consulting room. Personification of Shadow gives the client the means whereby to heal. The therapist must recognize the opportunity and make the most of it. It is Psyche that has allowed the presence of Shadow in the consulting room. It is Psyche that allows Shadow to walk with Healing. I have only told the beginning of this story within the story. Once personified, how will the madness and malice come to conflict? Who will win? We all know the story of  Moby-Dick. But have we ever stopped to think that its ending is  not  one of catastrophe, but one of integration?

Facts on Canada’s CN Tower

During Toronto's building boom in the early 70's, a serious problem was developing. People were experiencing poor quality television. The pre-skyscraper transmission towers of Toronto stations were simply not high enough anymore.As office buildings were reaching higher and higher, the video reception and radio signaq got weaker and soon became alomst inpossible to recieve. Signals from Toronto and from Buffalo, New York were bouncing off the buildings. As a result viewers often saw a weaker station superimposed over another. So the were watching two shows at once. It became clear that they needed a antenna that would not only be taller than any building in the city, but one that would be taller than anything that would probably ever be built. Today, the microwave receivers which pull in distant signals are about 305 metres or 1000 feet up (inside that white donut-like thing), and the top of the transmission antenna is 553.33 metres or 1815 feet 5 inches high (that's the very top).Because of this, we enjoy some of the clearest TV and radio reception in North America. An extra little tidbit you may not have known: It wasn't until late in the design process that the architects decided to turn the Tower into a Tourist Attraction. The CN Tower was built by the Canadian National Railway. Opened to the public on June 26, 1976 Official opening on October 1, 1976 Adjusted cost (1997 dollars): $250 million Number of construction workers: 1,537 Total weight of the Tower: 117,910 metric tonnes (130,000 tons) Volume of concrete: 40,523.8 cubic metres (53,000 cubic yards) Reinforcing steel: 4,535 metric tonnes (5,000 tons) Structural steel: 544.2 metric tonnes (600 tons) Number of elevators: 6 (including 2 which officially opened March 20, 1997) Speed of elevators: 6 metres/second (20 feet/second) Slow speed of elevators (in high winds): 1.5 metres/second (5 feet/second) Attendance: about 1.8 million per year Total staff (off season): approximately 400 Total staff (peak season): approximately 550 Maximum sway in 190 km/h winds with 320 km/h gusts (120 mph winds with 200 mph gusts): Antenna: 6 ft., 8 in. from centre Sky Pod: 3 ft., 4 in. from centre Tower Sphere: 1 ft., 7 in. from centre Thickness of windows: Outer pane – 9.5 mm (3/8 inch), inner pane – 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) Capacity of 360, The Restaurant at the Tower: 400 people Time it takes to revolve once: 72 minutes Capacity of Horizons Cafe: 500 people Broadcast Facilities: UHF, VHF Television; FM Radio; Microwave Transmissions; Fixed Mobile Systems Companies that broadcast from the Tower: CBC Channel 5 & 25, CFMT 47, CFTO 9, City 57, Global/CIII 41, TV Ontario 19, LOOK Communications (Digital), CHFI/Rogers, CFNY FM, CHIN FM, CHUM FM, CILQ FM, CJEZ FM, CJRT FM, CKFM FM, Bell Canada, Cantel, Motorola, TTC Thickness of The Glass Floor: 2 1/2 â€Å". Layers, from the top down: 3/16†³ scuff plate (replaced annually) Two 1/2†³ layers of clear tempered glass, laminated together A one inch layer of air (for insulation) Two 1/4†³ layers of clear tempered glass, laminated together Size of each panel: 42†³ by 50†³ Load tests are performed annually on each panel to ensure safety Toronto certainly does, and we appreciate the time the following groups and publications recently took to honour the CN Tower: The CN Tower extends congratulations to II by IV Design Associates partners Dan Menchions and Keith Rushbrook in winning the following design awards from the Assocation of Registered Interior Designers of Ontario (ARIDO):†Designers of the Year†, GOLD for Public and Institutional Spaces: CN Tower – Public Circulation Space, SILVER for Retail Spaces: CN Tower – Market Place Retail Centre, SILVER for Restaurants and Bars: CN Tower – Market Place Cafe City Parent, A Metroland Newsmagazine For City Families chose us as the ‘Best Tourist Attraction in Toronto' in the Fourth Annual Readers Selection Awards Voted the â€Å"Best Place to Take Out-Of-Towners† by Eye Magazine American Society of Civil Engineers, who accredited us as being one of the ‘Seven Wonders of the Modern World' Guinness Book of World Records changed our status to ‘World's Tallest Building and Free Standing Structure' and highlighted us on the cover of their 1996 Edition NOW Magazine – Best Place to Impress Out-of-Town Visitors Toronto Sun Readers' Choice Awards – Favourite Toronto Attraction International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions Brass Ring Award – #1 Radio Campaign for Attractions World Wildlife Fund of Canada – Bird Friendly Building Award Federal Energy Innovator Award for recognition of innovative leadership in the pursuit of energy management opportunities Toronto Tourism Award – Ontario SuperHost for Staff Training & Education International Digital Media Awards – Gold for Best Kiosk/Installation for EcoDek Environment Canada – Great Lakes Raptor Recovery Plaque Tourism Toronto Award – Best Attraction, 1995.

My Deepest Fear Essay Essays

My Deepest Fear Essay Essays My Deepest Fear Essay Essay My Deepest Fear Essay Essay Essay Topic: Deep One of the biggest lies of all time told is that slumber is the best speculation. For as I lie down to rest each dark. I toss and turn for hours on terminal. troubled by the happenings of each twenty-four hours. overwhelmed by the errors I’ve undeniably made. and haunted by the errors I will doubtless do tomorrow. The restlessness caused by my insecurities neer ceases to get the better of me. And in an effort to get away the experiential panics of being. I write. Until my diary is filled to the end†¦until my eyes easy descend. I write†¦ I have been reading since I was two old ages old. Because it is by and large non in the nature of yearlings to grok modest literary plants. I did non read books. Alternatively. I read my milieus. analysing both periods of pleasance and pieces of disparity. subconsciously retaining non the former but the latter. And as books come to life in the head. mirroring gesture images. I remember my childhood as such. Watching my female parent. so immature. being beaten by legion â€Å"boyfriends† proved damaging to my guiltless mind. Not merely were these work forces crushing her. they were crushing this thought of normality into my caput that I’d sum to nil greater. I’d achieve nil more than what my female parent had. holding had two kids at 18 with no high school sheepskin to decrease unforgiving fortunes. And I sit in school feeling as if my dreams. at the really root of them. hold dried up like raisins in the sun†¦I sit in my categories penetrating my fate so intently that I am simply feigning to understand what is being taught. Therefore. despite the words of the august Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. my deepest fright is. in fact. that I am unequal. I fear that I am non good plenty and the undertaking of confuting this apprehension has been backbreaking. cognizing that every twenty-four hours. something has tried to destruct me and has merely fallen short. And I am diffident if this item is worthy of jubilation. And I wonder†¦has my tegument colour betrayed me? Has my inkiness. this skin color which I was taught to happen so beautiful. stricken me with the imprecation of holding to turn up in a poorness consumed vicinity. dependent upon the authorities to house and feed me ; the same vicinity that gunned my male parent down and took the lives of several of my equals. It can’t be†¦that my skin color has become so obvious that I am invariably holding to alter my frock. and adjust my tone to suit the demands of a disapproving bulk. Some position my sable race with contemptuous oculus. My colour is a devilish dye†¦to those who don’t see. that I am human first before I am black. Or is my sex the perpetrator? Has my being a adult female determined my destiny? Because as a member of an intersectional community it is known all excessively good that I am stricken by these procedures of sexism. and subjugation ; non working independently of one another. but interconnected. organizing a kind of junction. or intersection. of mul tiple signifiers of favoritism. But this can’t be†¦because harmonizing to female parent Maya Angelou. I am a adult female phenomenally†¦ And I know all excessively good that the caged bird sings for freedom. I have been so long stricken by the rough worlds of my upbringing†¦and I have been so long weltering in self-pity that I have forgotten my heritage and it shames me. Kings and Queens of Africa inhabit me. Affonso and Amina. Idris and Makeda. who are my ascendants. would certainly be affronted to cognize that I have non realized what it has been in my nature to make: get the better of. defy. and amaze. And it is here that my African roots assert themselves. coercing me to mount the foothills of my uncertainty. the mountains of my false lower status. and extremums least traveled by. And as I stand at the precipice of life’s enigmas. this Pennsylvania State University precipice. I am all of a sudden intertwined with a household consummated non merely of the people of my fatherland. Africa. but of the woods of Asia. the Waterss of the Caribbean. the jungles of South America. and the mountains of Europe†¦these people of changing colourss. sexes. and civilizations who have defied quandaries much different than my ain. And we stand. hushed. equal. en masse. And it is here that I hear Mr. Mandela speak to me. â€Å"As we are liberated from our ain fright. our presence automatically liberates others. † †¦whether it be those of our ain lineages†¦or those of line of descents wholly dissimilar.

Chemical Physical Changes

Chemical Physical Changes Chemical and physical changes are related to chemical and physical properties. Chemical Changes Chemical changes take place at the molecular level. A chemical change produces a new substance.  Another way to think of it is that a chemical change accompanies a chemical reaction.  Examples of chemical changes include combustion (burning), cooking an egg, rusting of an iron pan, and mixing hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to make salt and water. Physical Changes Physical changes are concerned with energy and states of matter. A physical change does not produce a new substance, although the starting and ending materials may look very different from each other. Changes in state or phase (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation) are physical changes. Examples of physical changes include crushing a can, melting an ice cube, and breaking a bottle. How to Tell Chemical Physical Changes Apart A chemical change makes a substance that wasnt there before. There may be clues that a chemical reaction took places, such as light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound. The starting and ending materials of a physical change are the same, even though they may look different.

Communication Disorders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication Disorders - Assignment Example So you need to adopt various skills and have knowledge about your profession and the tact of dealing efficiently. There is the need to improve upon the teaching practices by CART providers. It has been seen that most of the services are provided for graduate as well as under graduate levels. Professionals in this area need to cater various informal areas too. The association between student ands professionals should be made strong to gain better outputs. There should be more access for deaf and HH to lab settings etc. "while students can get support for classroom lectures, they find less possibility of access to study groups, lab settings, and other forms of information exchange outside the classroom." It is high time to treat graduates and under graduate students differently considering their level of experience and knowledge. Support for the growth in their careers rather than providing simple academic knowledge will be catered in future as well. More deaf and HH students will be encouraged towards opting different fields as careers as biomedical sciences, researching, vocational courses etc. It can be done by arranging an inventory of role models and speakers as well as deaf or HH scientists to share their scientific pursuits, training history etc. to encourage them. Various colleges offer the courses for learning and improving upon the knowledge imparting skills to deaf and HH people or students as STSN- Speech to Text Services Network, National Verbatim Reporters Association (NVRA), PepNet etc. So, the above mentioned improvements need to be catered upon in future for the benefit and growth of deaf and HH people. Sources: 1. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. 21 OCT, 2002. 2. Classroom Text Delivery Methods for the Deaf & Hard-of-Hearing.

Separation of Retail and Investment Banking Operations Essay

Separation of Retail and Investment Banking Operations - Essay Example The need to separate the two operations is the central focus of this paper, presenting arguments for and against the move in detail. Arguments in support of separation of retail and investment banking operations Financial crisis is not a new phenomenon for the banking sector in U.K and beyond. From time to time, economic hardships that have resulted in financial crisis have been observed around the world. Year 2008 global financial crisis adversely affected financial systems in various economies. This necessitated the need to manage risks in the financial sector, which is primarily dominated by banks. Following this and other affecting factors, regulation, control and reforming the banking sector is essential. Separation of retail and investment banking operations is a positive move to take in the context of the above pursuit. That is, regulation, control and reforming financial services providers. Separating retail and investment banks would mean that the each of the two becomes a s tandalone legal entity. It is important to note that retail banks handle short term and long term payments, accept deposits and offer credit services by lending funds (De Jonghe, 2010, p. 387). On the other hand, investment banks primarily deal with financial instruments. In this regard, they are also referred to as casino banks. With the separation, it would mean that adverse effects experienced by either of the banks would hardly affect the other. That is to say that if the investment banking operations experience huge losses, the resultant negative effects would hardly affect retail banking operations especially deposits. Splitting the retail and investment banking operations is an activity that would bring forth intensive regulatory frameworks in a bid to achieve the desired outcome. The regulatory frame work adopted would be one that addresses each of the two banks as a unit independent of the other. In the situation of financial hardships, the retail banking sector would recei ve the attention of both the government and the taxpayers. The investment banking sector on the other hand would be accounted for by shareholders and investors in the same context. As a result, the adverse effects of financial crisis can neither be transferred to the retail bankers nor the government when the investment banking sector is affected. Investment banks engage in highly risky financial instruments (Upper, 2007, p.64). Tax revenues are normally used to back banking operations with or without operational risks. However, separating retail and investment banking operations would ensure that the taxpayers’ money only backs retail banking operations. The involvement of investment banks in risky financial instruments and related activities would therefore not constitute any financial burden to the taxpayers. Over and above the alleviation of financial burdens to taxpayers in times of financial crisis, individual customers to both retail and investment banks would be at an advantage. In absence of the separation, deposits in retail banks are highly influenced by investment activities. This is more so if different parts of the same bank handles both retail and investment banking operations. With the separation, the opposite of this scenario is true. However, lending risks are inevitable, but they are relatively easy to address (Modigliani and Miller, 1958, p.261–

Macroeconomic Policies of UK Government in Achieving Objective of Low Essay

Macroeconomic Policies of UK Government in Achieving Objective of Low Inflation - Essay Example Mills argue that the United Kingdom has over the years had elaborate strategies to counter high inflation; the strategy targets the underlying rate of inflation (112). This strategy is justified because besides helping to control the level of inflation, it is also instrumental in checking the interest rate and the retail price index. In a bid to maintain a low level of inflation, the government has to contend with the unemployment in the economy. Currently, the rate of unemployment in the United Kingdom is 7%, while the inflation rate is 2.7% (Gordon 220). This rate of unemployment is not badly off as it shows that United Kingdom’s economy is at near full employment. High unemployment levels have adverse social and economic cost to the economy. Unemployed have low purchasing power, hence the rate of consumption is low (Gordon 220). The other characteristic of unemployed is that unemployed people lose their skills and morale with time; hence becoming less productive in the econ omy. The government is obliged to incur extra public expenditure to provide social benefits to the unemployed population. Finally, the adverse effect of high employment rate is that it results in increased cases of social evils such as crime, prostitution, and vandalism. In a bid to cushion the economy from inflation, the United Kingdom’s government permits some level of inflation in the economy. Striking a balance between inflation and unemployment brings about the concept of Philips's curve. Philips curve suggests that there exists a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. As the UK government tries to thwart inflation, the rate of unemployment also goes up as shown in Figure 1. This is the case because the two macroeconomic elements have opposing... This paper analyzes the complex interrelationships between certain sets of macroeconomic policies in order to achieve opposing planned objectives of low inflation, employment and growth rate. In a bid to maintain a low level of inflation, the government has to contend with the unemployment in the economy. Striking a balance between inflation and unemployment brings about the concept of Philips's curve. Philips curve suggests that there exists a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. As the UK government tries to thwart inflation, the rate of unemployment also goes up. This is the case because the two macroeconomic elements have opposing fiscal and monetary policies that are used to fight them. Inflation requires contractionary economic policies while unemployment requires expansionary fiscal policies. During high inflation, the government is forced to reduce public expenditure and increase the interest rate to reduce the money supply in the economy. However, when the government reduces the amount of public expenditures or the interest rate, the level of employment will go down. The most practical level of inflation and unemployment should be 3%; this scenario means that the economy is at near full employment, and the prices of goods and services are stable judging by the consumer index price. The bank of England is responsible for ensuring that UK’s economy attain sound macroeconomic levels in terms of price stability, full employment, economic growth and equilibrium in the balance of payment.

The concept of hope has a significant role in nursing practice

The concept of hope has a significant role in nursing practice Introduction Hope is an integral as well as protective factor of every human life. The concept of hope has a significant role in nursing practice and patient care. This assignment discusses regarding the concept of hope, its meaning and characteristics with the support of various literatures. In addition, relevance of hope related to the nursing practice and the barrier to use this concept in current practice will also be explored in this piece of work. Hope is one of the necessary quality of life and lies into what to be expected out -of life as well as what the meaning of life for us is. Therefore this task explored the measures to instill hope in patients to improve their quality of life. Definition:- Hope is an essential aspect in health care practice because it is linked to individuals experience and recovery. The definition of hope is differed according to each authors view as they have given different concept about hope. According to Sullivan (2008) hope as a complex multidimensional and dynamic, a potentially powerful factor in healing, adaptive coping, and achieving quality of life during times of illness and loss. Hope inspires the person to put his endless efforts to attain particular goal in life. Stephenson (1991) concluded that hope is a basic human response that is essential for life. Moreover, it is a major component of human being which helps to improve the quality of life. Hope plays a crucial role in reducing impact of disease in patients and relatives. Hope is one of the necessary traits of a successful life (Cassel, 2008). Thus, hope is internal forceful feeling of a person to achieve target in future. According to Hinds (1984) Hope is the degree to which an indi vidual believes that a personal tomorrow exists and also it encourages the person towards the achievement of requirements. Adopting hopeful attitude is an essential part of the nurse role. Nurse should be trained in how to inspire hope in hopeless clients. It is considered very effective during the prognosis and treatment. According to Cornelius (2008) hope is multi dimensional part of religion energies provides comfort to individuals experiencing personal challenges. It mean hope is element of faith provide all comfort in the individuals life and challenge the personal experience. Hope is necessary for human life. Human beings have a possible future through expectations and participations. According to Clarke (2003) hope is essential and important feature for every person in their life. According to Li (2000) it is an important process to re-establishment or conservation of ones fine living being. Moreover, hope has a power to lit a light of expectation in the patients and it can i nfluence patient who are seriously or terminally ill as they think there is no hope and give awareness about how they live their lives. Nurses should give more importance to hope instead of hopelessness even in the patients. According to peoples conviction, everyone can lead a worth full life if they have hope even for the healthy as well as the ill persons. According to Moore (2005) hope is an intentional movement toward an object which can provide the maximum out come. . Hope was largely considered to be a positive concept that can make a difference to people lives and it also described as an experience, emotion or need. In addition, hope is an energy sourced from a sense of interconnectedness with the self, others and powers beyond the self (Clarke, 2003). There are many factors such as chronic serious illness or disability, a period of personal difficulty which helps to maintains powerful hope in their life. Thus, hope will help to meet any difficulties which come across and als o helps to enhance the inner strength. Besides, hope is an emotional feeling and belief. Hope is characterized by an intentional movement a preexistent object, a movement that presupposed the hoping subject has perceived the hoped for object either through the sense, through an estimative faculty or through the intelligence. Hope and faith helps to attain the recognized goal and empower survivors to dynamically engage in rehabilitation. Further, hope can be considered as keystone of faster recovery of disease, even though, many authors mainly focusing the role of hope in rehabilitation stage of the patient. Relevance Of The Concept To Practice:- The concept of hope plays a vital role in the nursing practice, as it improves the spiritual well being and the quality of life, which are the meaningful dimensions of the patients life. Hope can be viewed as a holistic experience, which consists of three primary dimensions like personal, situational, and interpersonal. Hope is one of the obligatory factors in the survival of the patient conditions. According to Jevene and Maguire (1999) hope is a relevant idea for the nursing care and can be viewed on the basis of three extents, meaning, risk and caring. The research literature has recognized hope as an influence on effective coping during times of loss, suffering and uncertainty. Hopelessness is commonly associated with increase incidence of physical illness, depression and suicidal ideation (Carson et al, 1990; Hockey, 1993). Meanwhile, hope enhances well being and reduces the disease period. According to Henner (2006) medical intervention and maintaining hope is ethically appropr iate when there is a reasonable chance that medical procedures will be effective and their out come will be meaningful in terms of patients life. Thus a timely and appropriate explanation of the medical procedures can encourage patient to develop hope that can assist him for wellbeing. Hope is both remedial and curable factor in patient care and treatment and it has also restorative effect on the patient health outcomes (Watson, 1979). Therefore, the concept of the hope has positive effect on the treatment process and the nurse can inspire hope in the patient by maintaining good rapport and giving relevant information about the disease condition. In addition, hope is considered as an essential psychological factor in the recovery; however, many individuals with severe mental illness frequently report feeling of hopelessness. In addition, According to the American Nurse Association (ANA, 2003) Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and the treatment of human response, and encourage hope in the care of individuals, families, communities and population. Nurses play a vital role in patient care by enhancing hope as well as optimistic attitude throughout their life. . Moreover, nurse can provide optimal care to seriously ill patients especially in their area of duty. The relationship between patients and nurses were significantly related to instillation of hope. Various studies related hope explained that, both healthy and sick people necessitate hope since it helps everybody to look forward happily towards the future. Hope is illustrating as a basic human need and has a possibility of good out come for ourselves or someone to close us such as hoping for life over death. The light of prospect aids to remove hopelessness and show the importance of life. Hope is identified as an important part of recovery and nurses have a pivotal role in facilita ting hope to patients and their families. Numerous barriers can be identified while instilling hope to the patients. The nurse has to overcome these barriers before inspiring hope to provide maximal care to the patient. The two most frequently cited hindrances were that the institution did not allow the nurses to change client care procedures and did not offer adequate time to provide appropriate care, ways or measures to put into practice. According to Funk et al.(1991) other barriers which prevents the use of concept in practice setting includes lack of time, motivation, confidence and negative attitude. These barriers need to be overcome through adequate communication, trustful relationship with patient and the family and adequate psychological support. The effective strategies to overcome these barriers will require a combined effort from the nurses by education, research, administration, and the clinical practice. Conclusion:- Hope is a multidimensional concept which strength our ideas and values. Hope is also an expectation of future that is good and is based upon a sense of personal ability, psychological well being and the meaning in life as well as a good judgment of the possible. This task assisted to get an awareness regarding the concept of hope as well as its characteristics. In addition, this assignment aided to know the relevance hope in nursing practices, various barriers occurs while instilling hope and the measures to overcome these barriers. To conclude, hope is an essential factor which assists all individual to improve their quality of life by enhancing confidence and positive attitude towards the future. Word count -1441

Satire :: Literature Analysis, Art, Informative

Satire is a literary work in which the follies of its subject are attacked through irony, derision, or wit, usually to fulfill a corrective purpose. Those who satirize are called satirists. Satire is an art, and while making a point, it should do it in such a way that the reader doesn’t feel assaulted, or moralized. No one likes a moralizer. Satire’s more eye opening than judgmental, and is conveyed through distortion, exaggeration (as well as understatement), paronomasia, ambiguity and innuendo, comparison and zeugma, similes and metaphors, oxymorons, and parables and allegories. Satire has existed since the beginning of human stupidity, or fault. Among the earliest records discovered from the B.C., there have been forms of social commentary. Greek playwrights would incorporate parodies into their plays, bards from the middle ages would sing of society’s defects, by the 17th century, satirical books were published and sold. Nowadays, satires exists in various forms, such as The Simpsons, Spike Lee films, and The Onion. There are three main genres of satire: Horatian, Juvenal, and Menippean. Horation satire is usually good natured, Juveanlian satire is a bit more hard core, and Menippean humor is chaotic and disorganized, with no form of prose. There’s an idea that’s been progressively formulated, and that’s that satire needs to be humorous. This isn’t true, however, that is how it’s displayed today. The humor of satire isn’t upfront—it’s subtle and deadpan. Insane things will be said and done and the joker will be utterly earnest throughout it. Buster Keaton was a straight comic, barely smiling during his films, Ali G has the most outrageous interviews with celebrities and politicians and, somehow, doesn’t crack up.

The Role of America at the End of World War II

The role of America at the end of World War II was where the origins of policing the world originate. America had been engaged in a very costly war in terms of dollars as well as lives. But, despite the expense the United States came out of World War II better than any other nation that was involved. The Second World War was a battle between the Allied and Axis Powers. The Allied Powers consisted of the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and France. This war was seen as the fight against Nazi Germany, and therefore resulted in a majority of the battles fought on German and Russian soil. The aftermath left the Soviet Union in bad shape. Close to twenty million Russians had died fighting the war, which accounted for about eight percent of their population. Conversely, none of the fighting was done on American soil, and while the United States suffered in terms of casualties it was nothing compared to the loss Russia had endured. Because the war would not end ! until the Axis Powers fully surrendered to the Allied Powers, the United States was forced to use the first atomic warfare in history. The atom bomb would later serve as America's greatest possession. Stalin, the Premier of the Soviet Union had always distrusted the American and English intentions. Because of Stalin's aggression and attitude pertaining to Soviet influence on Europe, the postwar stance on Russia had turned into a standoff. This became the origin of the Cold War. The Cold War, seen as a battle between communism and capitalism, was â€Å"in reality a more complex struggle over a broad range of ideological, economic, and strategic issues. † (Henretta, 868) Over the next several years the United States would spend more money on military and defense than ever before. Several measures were taken to ensure that the same mistakes at the end of World War I would not be repeated. The first in a series of measures was a postwar conference involving President Truman and the Soviet Foreign Minister, V. M. Molokov, where Truman controlled the entire meeting and basically scolded the Soviet's for not honoring agreements on Poland. Truman â€Å"told the Russians just where the got off and generally bossed the whole meeting. † (Henretta, p. 869) This symbolized America's strong-arm stance against communism and signified the position we would hold throughout the Cold War. The next step in Truman's agenda was to work with Congress to pass the National Security Act of 1947, which was designed to strengthen defense operations. This act created a single Department of Defense, and created the Central Intelligence Agency, or CIA. These two new agencies acted as the first step in atomic warfare management. Continuing to act as police of the world and leader of capitalism, Truman drafted the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan, which complemented the Truman Doctrine, â€Å"was a program of large scale economic and military aid to Europe. † (Heretta, p. 71) Considered by some, this was the most â€Å"innovative piece of foreign policy in American History. Where over the next four years the United States contributed over $12 billion to a highly successful recovery effort. † (Heretta, p. 874) The Soviet Union stilled commanded a blockade on highway, rail, and river traffic to West Berlin. As a result, the United States responded by entering into a peacetime military alliance; this being the first time since the American Revolution. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) a project costing $1. 3 billion, enabled the basing of all four United States Army divisions into Western Europe. Twelve nations agreed to sign this pact that stated â€Å"an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all. † (Henretta, p. 875) Consequently, a few months later, Stalin â€Å"lifted the blockade which had made the city a symbol of resistance to communism. † (Henretta, p. 875) Between the creation of NATO, the National Security Act and CIA, and the Marshall Plan, America was dictating their position with Russia and communism. These measures made it possible for Americans to become more comfortable with the Cold War. While all of these governmental policies were being put into action, Americans were settling back into the ideology of family and free enterprise. The post-war period became one of the most exciting in American history. With the rising economy and feeling of consumerism, Americans were rebounding from their efforts in World War II. Capitalism was on the rise and the â€Å"Apple Pie† portrait of middle class suburban families was shaping the country. America was now the wealthiest country in the world and Americans had â€Å"accumulated savings of $140 billion† in 1945. Over the next two decades the gross national product more than tripled,† (Henretta, p. 904) signifying prosperity. Between 1945 and 1960, the gross national product would grow from $213 billion to more than $500 billion, while real income would rise 25 percent. Included in these figures was the percent of American families owning homes, which grew from 43 percent to over 60 percent in this same time period; this created the suburban explosion. This suburban lifestyle was intended to symbolize the superiority of capitalism over communism and imply that the American way of life would win the Cold War. (Henretta, p. 903) Americans were again beginning to see the capitalist society they fought for, and the confidence level of the country continued to rise throughout the 1960's. The people cannot create a great nation themselves; great leaders must direct them. Besides the three Presidents who led America throughout the end of World War II and through the Cold War, there were many influential voices that helped to shape the views of the public. Among these influential people was a man named George F. Kennan. He was a member of the United States embassy to the Soviet Union and author of the â€Å"long telegram† which was sent to the heads of state in Washington D. C. In his telegram, Kennan described the Soviets as insecure, inferior, and less advanced than Americans. â€Å"As Russia came into contact with the economically advanced West, fear of more competent, more powerful, more highly organized societies,† (Gorn, p. 229) was the general message Kennan was trying to get across. Because he saw the country from the inside Kennan also believed the United Sates should † pursue a policy of firm containment†¦ t every point where the Soviets show signs of encroaching upon the interest of a peaceful and stable world. † (Henretta, p. 870) This opinion and idea of the relationship between the United States and Russia should have been widely accepted by Americans. They backed this idea of aggressive behavior, rather than a passive approach to the Cold War. Conversely, postwar liberal such as Henry Wallace, â€Å"a Progressive Party leader, continued to seek cooperation with the Soviet Union and defended the participation of Communists in their organizations. (Henretta, p. 885) These ideals were quickly silenced. The American majority, being extremely anti-communist, felt relations with the Soviet Union should be harsh and firm. This period introduced American dominance in foreign policy. The ideals of personal freedom and opportunity were the driving forces behind Western philosophy throughout the Cold War. Not only were these principles showcased, they were set as the benchmark of equality for the human race.

Discrimination Concerning African Americans Essay

Differences in race lead to divergent levels of economic development within the United States. Analysts often try to explain this phenomenon by observing a specific ethnic group’s tradition and cultural ideology. Economists expand their analysis on the economic behaviors of African Americans by taking into consideration personal histories and value systems of the group under study. American families measure economic status in terms of income, and factors associated with material security as a whole. These factors may consist of health care, college funds, and retirement plans. However, African American families lag well behind when conceptualizing economic development under these terms. The reason is due to numerous instances of discrimination that occur in the U. S. Many of America’s public policies aid in the underdevelopment of non-white families. Increased economic development within America is the key to upward political and social mobility. If minorities are denied inevitable rights to equality, access to economic development becomes a highly difficult process. Despite America’s idealized view on equal opportunity, it is valid to assume that economic security has been limited on the basis of race. Therefore, it is important to investigate why white American families are economically better-off than non-white American families. One must take into account aspects of political participation, education, and the number of children a family has in the home in order to understand this research question. Contemporary Viewpoints: The lack of political participation of minority groups is a prevalent issue within the United States, explaining why non-white American families are less economically developed when compared to white American families. According to Douglas S. Massey (1995), minority families increasingly speak languages and bear cultures quite different than the established norms within the U. S. regime. He has found that ethnic groups carry their customs into new generations, leading many non-white families to become displaced and impoverished. Brinck Kerr and Will Miller (1997) believe that it is necessary for non-white American families to participate in elections in order to obtain equal representation that they are now lacking. They go on to say that political representation is the key to higher employment levels, and is a significant determinant to the minority share of professional positions. William H. Frey (1996) finds that immigrants usually encounter highly stratified society characterized by high income inequality leaving little room for upward mobility. In addition, Paula D. Mcklain (1990) assumes that non-white American families will continue to reside in low economic subcultures that are institutionally incomplete if they are represented at much lower ratios relative to the population portions of whites. Susan Welch (1990) has found that minority groups have not even achieved half their population proportions in political elections. These numbers are even lower than what they were a decade ago. She states that other factors that lead to low political participation within minority groups is that a substantial number of non-white American families are not citizens, and therefore are not eligible to vote. Also, Massey has found that America enacts policies that hinder the socioeconomic status of immigrants for they are underrepresented at virtually all levels and institutions in United States government. Moreover, Friedberg and Hunt (1995) have found that non-white American families receive less benefits than white families because of geographic segregation within the community. The various dispersion of minority families in different low-income areas within the U. S. makes it difficult for these families to be represented proportionally. Consequently, Rodney E. Hero and Caroline J. Tolbert (1995) believe minority families can now be easily manipulated by government because they are not equally accounted for. Therefore, non-white American families are not able to take advantage of economically developed determinants such as health care and retirement funds. The inscription of the Statue of liberty expresses to the world to â€Å"give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free†¦. † America continuously contradicts itself on the validity of this concept due to the increasingly economic tension between Caucasian and non-white families. Friedberg and Hunt (1995) give the example of Proposition 187, which makes many non-white American families ineligible for certain services such as public health. Non-white American families are not given the opportunity to take advantage of benefactors the U. S. offers to white American families. Therefore, Non-white American families lack of political participation, and unequal representation in governmental institutions and legislative bodies, leads them to be less economically developed than white American families. Education is another obstacle to economic development that non-white families face. Education is a vital tool to economic security. However, Melissa Marschall (1997) has found that current policies demonstrate minorities have been denied equal access to education. She has found that assignment systems based on assessments of language deficiencies or other individual needs are used to separate non-whites from whites. According to Jeffrey J. Mondack and Diana C. Mutz (1997), inequitable school financing is equally detrimental to non-white students. Funding for public schools comes from property taxes. They go along to say that predomintly non-white schools tend to be in central inner city school districts which have a smaller property tax base. In addition, the Office of Civil Rights has identified practices that are termed â€Å"second generation school discrimination†. Practices such as ability grouping, suspensions, and tracking may appear on the surface to be normal educational practices. When examining these components closer, Brick Kerr and Will Miller (1997) have found they have a negative impact on minority students. Ability grouping is a form of segregation that separates minority students from whites. They have found that before even attempting to teach non-white students, they are diagnosed with having linguistic or intellectual problems. The students are therefore required to take special and bilingual classes, making it difficult for them to succeed. According to Robert E. England (1986), non-white students are many times pulled out of regular classes and placed into bilingual classes only on the basis of ethnicity rather than their understanding of English. Brick and Miller go on to explain that suspensions are a second tactic used to encourage the failure of minority students in school. Non-white students are given more harsh disciplinary sentences than white students. Moreover, studies show that the ratio of minority students kicked out of school is disproportionately higher than whites, making the students more likely to drop out. Marschall has found that schools also advocate differences in ability grouping and discipline, leading to distinctions in tracking between non-whites and whites. The majority white students in high ability groups are often counseled to choose college preparatory tracks. However, minorities in low ability groups are counseled into vocational or general tracks, making them less likely to attend post-secondary education. Mondack and Mutz believe that the overall pattern of racial inequality the school system has created makes non-whites less likely to receive a quality education than whites. This truth makes it difficult for economic development to occur within non-white American families. The number of children in a family lead to increased poverty levels and low economic development within non-white American families. M. Klitsch (1990) has found that minority women have children at an extensively higher rate than that of white women. Also, he states that non-white women represent a small percentage of the population, however they account for a greater number of births. Alejandro Portes and Cynthia Truelove (1987) go on to say that non-white families are generally poorer than white families because of the higher number of children in the home. This leads them to be more likely to live below the poverty line. In addition, Genevieve M. Kenney and Nancy E. Reichman (1998) have found the population of non-whites increases faster than whites every year due to high fertility rates. Similarly, the two have found that fertility rates of non-whites families living in impoverished communities is almost double compared to white families. Klitsch has found that non-white families have an estimated 5. 5 people to a household, while white families only 3. 8. Therefore, these high rates lead to low socioeconomic status, and limited opportunities to increase economic security. According to Kenney and Reichman, the high fertility rates are due to low percentages of minorities who use contraceptives. They have also found that non-white women are less likely to have an abortion than white women. One might view this as a positive aspect. However, Portes and Truelove believe that one must take into account the over a quarter of minority families who have an income below the federal poverty line, which is almost one half greater than those of white families. Therefore, the high number of children within non-white American families make them more likely to experience economic deprivation than white American families. There has been an abundance of scholarly research previously conducted on the economic differences between white and non-white American families. They usually consist of data sources such as the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the U. S. bureau of the Census. The Foreign Born Population of the United States and Statistical Reports are used with the previously listed sources to compare ethnic groups (Friedberg and Hunt, pg. 5). These databases yield cross-sectional designs that develop into time series reports in order to make assumptions on variables dealing with GNP and income, proving distinct differences in the races under study. For instance, researchers assume that white families are more economically developed than non-whites. This is because the average white American family makes $44,000 a year, and the average non-white American family does not make half this amount (6-7). These figures are valid in drawing conclusions about correlative relationships, satisfying important ideological factors necessary to study when dealing with the dependent variable of race. A more effective method of analysis was a study derived from interviews in a low income Los Angeles county. The participants were white and non-white females. The study was conducted between January 1984 and May 1985 (M. Kitsch, 136-137). In addition, the sample consisted of a three-stage cluster of census tracks, blocks, and household addresses. This cross-sectional design embodied research dealing with fertility rates of different races. The minority women proved to have higher fertility rates in low income sectors, leading Klitsch to question the different ways non-white American families conceptualize economic development. Non-white American families have to deal with numerous accounts of racial discrimination. It is difficult for a non-white American family to become economically stable in terms of income and security plans. The reason is due to being a minority in a predominately white America. Therefore, non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families because: H1 non-white American families are less likely to participate in elections than white American families. H2 non-white Americans are more likely to be discriminated against in school than white Americans. H3 the more children in a household, the more likely a family will be economically deprived. Implications and Conclusion: Education, political participation, and the number of children a family has all affect the levels of economic development within the household for white American families. Even though education levels has a stronger affect toward higher levels of income, when the three variables are measured together, they are all highly statistically significant. In non-white American homes, education levels appears to be the key determinant of their economic status. Further test need to be measured in reference to how the number of children a family has and political participation affect the economic security of non-white American families. With this, the above hypotheses will prove to have more validity. However, in both cases it was important to measure education, the number of children a family has, and political participation together in order to understand the affect these variables have on each other, and how this affect leads to higher or lower levels of economic development within the family. These multivariate studies are also important in predicting the affect the independent variables will have on total family income in the future. It can be assumed that the highest year of school completed will continue to have a strong affect toward economic development in the future for both white and non-white American families. In addition, the number of children in a white American family and their political participation are significant variables to measure when determining their economic standpoint in future years to come. There are alternative approaches to identifying explanations to why non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families. One example is the difference in income between non-white and white American families who have single parents and ones that have two parents. Another alternative approach is identifying education as only an antecedent variable, and observing how it relates to occupation, the true independent variable under study. From here, one can observe how economic development is related to a person’s occupation within the home. As anyone who walks the streets of America’s largest cities knows, there has been a profound transformation of different ethnic cultures within the United States. The rapidity of the change has led to growing competition of economic development between white and non-white American families. This competition has lead to ethnic prejudice and discrimination as the United States continues to assimilate into the melting pot for the American dream. Political participation, education, and the number of children within the home are variables that allow the transition to become a less arduous process for white American families. However, if non-white American families continue to do poorly in terms of economic development because of these variables, non-whites will continue to lag behind the income scale in comparison to whites. Research along these lines will lead to the study of relative differences between ethnic cultures. An example is the discovery of why almost half the number of minorities return to their country of origin after experiences of economic injustice. Previous research may also benefit other analysis in the field of economics by itemizing fertility rates in terms of the higher number of non-white American families who lack the finances to properly nourish their children. These new variables along with my research can in time become valid determinants in explaining why white American families are economically better off that non-white American families.