Albert Bandura s Theory Of Social Learning - 1404 Words

Albert Bandura s (1986) theory of social learning emphasizes the role of learning by observing and imitating models and allows us to understand aggression. Bandura identified four steps by which this learning occurs: â€Å"the first is simply that a particular type of behavior of a model catches our attention. Second, we store a mental image of such behavior in memory. Thirdly, a particular kind of situation leads us to convert that memorized behavior into action; And finally, if the behavior is reinforced, it becomes part of our repertoire†. (Bandura 1986) p.198). Thus, for example, observation of a child of an adult exhibiting aggressive behaviors may lead to repetition and subsequent incorporation of the same type of behavior. Models may†¦show more content†¦The presence of people who may be viewed as weak, who are incapable of responding to or accepting in some way the aggression, may favor it becoming the object towards which aggressive or violent behavior is directed. Violence means an extreme form of interpersonal aggression. It means the direct expression of aggression towards another person, with the intention of being damaged. Sometimes intentionality may not be so obvious (unconscious), but it is there, and it is what differentiates a violent situation from an accidental one. Domestic violence against women According to the terms of reference, Domestic violence against women encompasses three types of violence: physical, psychological and sexual. If a woman suffers at least one of them, and if the aggression comes from her partner, that woman is a victim of domestic violence. (Heise L, Ellsberg M, Gottemoeller M. E. 1999). This definition restricts our subject, in fact, to the violence that occurs between the members of the heterosexual couple and, specifically, the aggressions directed by the husband to the woman. The relationship that does not necessarily involve a marriage bond, but includes consensual relationships. Violence can be physical, psychological or sexual. We will understand as physical violence, any action destined to cause physical injury or pain to another person. As psychological violence, that means any action orShow MoreRelatedAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1340 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory is a theory that includes development theories in order to understand how children learn. Bandura’s theory is based on how people can learn by observing others, how internal mental states influence people, and how learning something does not change one’s behavior every time. Bandura was able to find out that people learn by three observational models. The first model is the live model which includes observing how someone demonstrates the behaviorRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1503 Words   |  7 Pagescompare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. compare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. How applicable is the Social learning Theory to the Zambian Educational system. Both Albert Bandura and Jean Piaget were psychologists who contributed greatly in the field of psychology. This implies that there are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitiveRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1323 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory has aided in the understanding of human development. Humans are a unique set of individuals who continue to evolve in nature. They are social beings and interactions make up a significant part of their daily lives and general nature. My interest in this theory comes from my tendency to observe others. It’s fascinating to see how people are going to react to situations that come their way and how they develop from it. People tend to learn from others as wellRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1737 Words   |  7 PagesTheory of Social Learning Albert Bandura’s social learning theory posits that observation is a major constituent of behaviour development (Bandura, 1978). Observation models include attractiveness, status and perceived similarities. The imitation of behaviour is determined by the outcome of the observation model (Bandura, 1978). There is a high probability of behaviour imitation when the observed behaviour is reinforced on condition that the reinforcement is appealing to the observer. However, ifRead MoreTheories Of Albert Bandura889 Words   |  4 Pages The Theories of Albert Bandura I chose to research Albert Bandura. Albert is a contemporary psychologist specializing in development and educational psychology. A lot of his work revolves around the social learning theory. He is one of the most widely- cited psychologists of all time. He was born in Alberta, Canada in a small town of Mundare. He was the youngest of six children, two of his siblings died when they were young one from a hunting accidentRead MoreJean Piaget And Albert Bandura946 Words   |  4 PagesThe theorists being compared in this discussion question would be Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura and how their theories fit into the developmental process. Both are great contributors to the field of psychology due to their theories on cognitive development. There are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory in term of ideas and subjects that were used. Jean Piagets was one of the most recognized and influential developmentalRead MoreEssay on The Theories of Albert Bandura804 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theories of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura was influenced by behaviorism while at the University of Iowa studying for his PhD in the early 1950s, he developed his own theories called reciprocal determinism, he believed that not only does the environment influence behavior, but behavior influences the environment, or to put it in his own words ’the world and a persons behavior cause each other‘. Bandura is often considered a ‘father’ of the cognitive movement,Read MoreThe Triadic Reciprocal Causation Of Social Cognitive Theory1749 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory explains psychological functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. Triadic reciprocal causation is a system assuming human action as a result of an interaction with the environment, behavior, and a person. Bandura explains person as being a cognitive factor such as memory, anticipation, and planning. It is because of these cognitive capacities that some people can select or restructure their environmentRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality, By Abraham Maslow, Gordon Allport, Albert Bandura, And Raymond Cattell1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to understanding the theories of personality, there are several psychologists that put their input in to help us understand the theories of personality. The individuals that have contributed to the theories of personality and have made us understand the topic more would be Abraham Maslow, Gordon Allport, Albert Bandura, and Raymond Cattell. Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York April 1, 1908. As a young child, Abraham was the oldest child out of seven brothers and sister. â€Å"HisRead MoreEffective Social Learning Theories1164 Words   |  5 PagesEffective social learning theories do not just explain behaviors, they build bridges. Few experts believe that social or even biologically determined actions arise in isolation: they come about as a result of a variety of factors that may be located inside or outside of the subject, but eventually they come together in combination. It is this recognition that has formed the basis (at least in retrospect) for the long-lasting impact of Banduras social learning or now social cognitive theory of behavior

Child Abuse And Its Effects On Children - 1747 Words

Child Abuse No one ever thinks it will happen to them, or to anyone that they know. It is a tragic event that can be life changing. â€Å"More than four children die every day as a result of child abuse(AmericanSPCC,2015).† There are five main types of abuse and they are neglect, physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, and medical neglect. The most common one according to the American humane society is neglect with sixty-two point eight percent. â€Å"Boys and girls are equally likely to suffer maltreatment (American Humane, 2013).† It can happen to anyone it does not matter the gender. The ones who are most likely to abuse children or neglect them are their own parents. â€Å"According to NCANDS, in 2005, 79.4 percent of perpetrators were other†¦show more content†¦Many people may believe that people are lying about mental illnesses to get out of being in trouble, or people looking down on them. It is the easy way out of getting in trouble by saying that t he person was depressed. It does not take a scientist to be able to figure out how to fake depression. There are some cases where the abuser really does have a mental condition, in all cases though there is something really wrong. Is there any other way to really explain why someone would hurt a child? According to the Symbolic theory, the reason that parents would act in such a way is because that is how they grew up. Their parents are the ones who had most likely abused them and so that is how they associate raising a child should be. That was their model of how parenting should be. They figure that since they grew up that way that is how their kids should grow up and how their grandchildren should grow up. Now that is not always true; that is just how it would be according to the symbolic theory. According to the American SPCC, â€Å"researchers estimate that one-third of abused and neglected children will grow up to abuse their own children when they become adults (2015).† The symbolic theory does not necessary apply to all cases in this situation, but it does for about one-third and that is still a

The Law Of Inchoate Crimes Essay - 1589 Words

The law of inchoate crimes precludes conduct preparatory to however coordinate toward the commission of a wrongdoing. The inchoate wrongdoings are endeavor - activity toward the commission of a wrongdoing; trick - consent to carry out a wrongdoing; and requesting - actuation of another to perpetrate a wrongdoing. no government basic law exists to oversee such wrongdoings, and present elected statutes treat inchoate offenses erratically. Obligation for an inchoate offense would center not on the threat introduced to the general population but rather on the performer s sign of criminal plan. Endeavor would be defined as a considerable step that firmly substantiates the criminal motivation behind the on-screen character. Connivance would be reclassified as the on-screen character s consent to the criminal reason in addition to some demonstration according to the intrigue that sets up that a scheme is in progress. Requesting would require circumstances that emphatically authenticate the performer s expectation to induce someone else to carry out a wrongdoing. Renunciation would be given as a positive safeguard to empower desistance and invalidate the finish of the immovability of the performing artist s criminal aim. Keywords: inchoate crime, solicitation. Introduction- Inchoate wrongdoings, which are likewise alluded to as deficient violations, are acts including the inclination to carry out, or to in a roundabout way partake in a criminal offense. Previously, a fewShow MoreRelatedInchoate Offences : A Type Of Crime908 Words   |  4 PagesInchoate Offenses What an inchoate offense is a type of crime completed by taking a punishable step towards the commission of another crime. The basic inchoate offenses are attempt, solicitation, and conspiracy. The crime allegedly intended is called the target offense. Except for conspiracy, inchoate offenses merge into the target crime. This means that if the defendant is prosecuted for the target crime, attempt and solicitation cannot be charged as well. However, both conspiracy to commitRead MoreCriminal Law Evaluation907 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Law Evaluation Paper Adrienne Anderson CJA/354 March 7, 2011 William Mosley Criminal Law Evaluation Paper Criminal law defines what conduct is considered criminal. The law defines the acts that may lead to an arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment. (Schmalleger, 2010). Criminal law protects society from harm, punishes individuals who have broken the law, maintains social order, rehabilitates offenders, and deters criminal activity (Schmalleger, 2010). The sources of criminal law includeRead MoreCrime: Inchoate Offenses Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesA suspect can be convicted of many different crimes, but the crimes that are the most interesting are called inchoate offenses. An inchoate offense is a type of crime done by taking a illegal step to the commission of another crime. The inchoate offenses are attempt, solicitation, and conspiracy (Inchoate offense | Wex Legal Dictionary / Encyclopedia | LII / Legal Information Institute, n.d.). Solicitation is one of bottom inchoate offenses, meaning that it does not take much for a suspect toRead MoreEssay about Cj/354 Worksheet641 Words   |  3 PagesContemporary Criminal Law textbook. After reviewing the case, selec t the defense that was represented in the case from the following list: necessity | self-defense | defense of others | defense of home and property | resisting unlawful arrest | consent | duress | intoxication | mistake | age or infancy defense | entrapment | syndrome-based defenses | insanity defense | | | 1. Case 1: State v. Dejarlais State v. Dejarlais section in Ch. 8 of Contemporary Criminal Law Defense used:Read MoreExpansion of Criminal Responsibility in Nsw892 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipation in a crime. In a criminal context, the principal offender is one whose acts or omissions are the most immediate cause of death. The identification of secondary parties depend on judicial interpretation of aid, abet, counsel and procure . To identify these parties, a causal link must be established between them. Accessories before and after the fact are also relevant in determining liability. Defences that deny an accuseds associated knowledge and participation in a crime may be employedRead MoreThe Process Of Solving Crime1109 Words   |  5 Pagesof solving crime III. Because I am in college to study Criminal Justice with the intentions of pursuing a career in Forensic and Criminal Investigations, I feel confident in telling you about what I have learned so far dealing with Crimes and how to solve them. IV. In order to explain the process of investigating and solving a crime, we will look at the different types of crime, The different types of departments assisting the crime, the methods of solving the crime, The outcomeRead MoreThe Ethics Of An Incomplete Attempt909 Words   |  4 Pagesthe punishment of an attempt is at the judge’s discretion. Therefore if the offence is the offender’s first attempt, the judge may be more lenient to let them off with a less punishment, despite them having all the intention required to commit the crime. Attempts to Commit the Impossible Under the Criminal Attempts Act S.1 (2) 1981 it states that a ‘person may be guilty of attempt even though the facts are such that the commission of the offence is impossible’. There have been a few cases whereRead MoreLawmakers Create Crimes to Prevent Crimes Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesLawmakers created attempted crimes to prevent the commission of crimes before they take place. They also sought to protect the safety of the public by allowing police officers to stop the continuance of criminal activity. Attempted murder is the incomplete act of trying to kill someone. It is a serious criminal offense that in all but a few cases of mitigating circumstances can result in substantial prison time (www.attorneys.com). Attempt is when a person, with the intent to commit an offense,Read MoreThe Process Of Solving Crime1113 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Solve Crime I. Do you believe in Justice? II. Today we will be talking about the process of solving crime III. Because I am in college to study Criminal Justice with the intentions of pursuing a career in Forensic and Criminal Investigations, I feel confident in telling you about what I have learned so far dealing with Crimes and how to solve them. IV. In order to explain the process of investigating and solving a crime, we will look at the differentRead MoreThe United States And The Criminal Justice System Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pages500 percent.According to The Sentencing Project, the explanation of this significant rise in incarceration lies in sentencing laws like mandatory minimums and cutbacks in parole release, not necessarily a rise in crime rate.Mandatory minimums can be perceived as unjust because they generalize all crimes by creating an equal amount of punishment for different and unequal crimes. This contributes to the overcrowding of jails because it forces people into jail for the same amount of time despite their

The World Without The Internet - 888 Words

In today’s technology driven world, it’s almost impossible to imagine the world without the Internet and its numerous benefits. It has become the platform for almost every field imaginable like business education, entertainment, communication, etc. The internet is everything Past, Present and Future.1 It has empowered us to exchange data, opinions and news across the continents. As per internetlivestats, there are approximately 3,207,910,219 internet users across the globe which is almost 45% of entire world’s population. The internet has increased the reach of an individual by breaking all kinds of social, political, cultural, economical barriers and therefore, opening doors to wide stores of knowledge.2 Gradually Internet has taken the form a giant Organic System. Due to its colossal nature, it has multiple points of failure such as cascading failures, protocol errors, implementation errors, malicious attacks, etc.3 Internet has given new horizons to institutio nal practices, social interactions, educational practices, business practices etc. Due to the flexibility, efficiency and speed internet offers, it has opened new markets in the developing world. During late 90’s with the expansion of the internet, dot com bubble started to grow. Along with this, there was considerable increase in the online retailing. Internet is used by online retail companies to perform some basic commercial actions such as advertising themselves, gathering customer’s taste, providingShow MoreRelatedA World Without Internet?1201 Words   |  5 PagesA world without internet? One day, many years ago, a brilliant man by the name of Tim Berners-Lee created an extraordinary thing, something that was to revolutionize the entire human race and its existence. It was an idea so great that it would have been seen as insanity not many years before its own creation. We call it â€Å"The World Wide Web.† A gigantic spider web of servers spread out all over the world, hosting websites with information that would else only be found in the form of books. It worksRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On The World Today Without The Internet1318 Words   |  6 PagesYou have to admit – it’s hard to imagine the world today without the Internet. However, it seems it’s hard just for some us. A recent study from the B2B research firm Clutch, revealed that more than 46% of small businesses in the United States still don’t have a website for their company. Numerous reasons were listed for not having an online presence, for instance, around 12 % of small business representatives said that they use social media networks in place of static site. But the most popular reasonRead MoreHow World Has Changed Past 40 Years Essay example983 Words   |  4 PagesPractices 17 October 2012 FNA The world has changed in many ways over the past years, and it will continue to change in the future. For the last forty years, the world has suffered several changes both good and bad and it makes individuals have what they have today. However, despite of people arguments, the world has changed for the better. It is because of the science, technology, and the internet, and those factors are plays very important roles of today’s world changes. The main reason is thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Internet1128 Words   |  5 Pagesis partially due to the information available on the internet. The internet has opened a tremendous amount of various information from different points of view. These different points of view help others with no knowledge accept and perceive the information as if they were a person who may be dealing with racism, assault, and or discrimination. Gladwell might have mentioned people misunderstand something written by a stranger on the interne t, but proved that point wrong by showing the positive aspectsRead MoreThe Internet : The Most Important Invention Of The Internet1404 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of the Internet The most significant invention of humanity. What is the greatest invention in humanity? There are many things people think of like computers, cars, electricity etc.†¦ However, there is one invention that many people use every day from watching a movie, sending or checking emails and looking up complex or simple questions etc. without this piece of technology the world would be in a different place. This piece of technology is called the internet. The internet is one of theRead MoreInternet Censorship And Its Effect On Society1053 Words   |  5 PagesInternet Censorship is Detrimental to Society The Internet was designed to enable and facilitate communications with connected systems at the local, state, national and international levels. The United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched a research campaign to find effective ways to link computers to help the exchange of information. In the 1990s, the Internet took off and entered a growth phase which caused an increase in communications worldwide. DARPA did notRead MoreCyber World: Charms and Challenges1500 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The cyber world is the hot topic of discussion. With the advancement of the science and technology, human race are trying to excel their proficiency to compete the creations of the nature. Cyber world is definitely the first step towards the same path. The Internet is something that mankind feels to be an essential part of the life. We are living an era where life would nearly come to a standstill without the use of this technology. We have got into the trap of this cyber world, for which weRead MoreNot Free Life Without The Internet1022 Words   |  5 PagesFeel free life without the internet Living in the information age, life seems to be easier since the internet fulfills almost all the requirements of human need. People can finish the work, pay the bill, pre-order the iPhone, learning courses, book a movie ticket or take a trip on the Google to see a big world in virtual. It will be pretty boring if the internet can only be used for doing academic research, getting through work and we definitely could be more various online but living in the virtualRead MoreInternet Is Getting More Advanced1388 Words   |  6 PagesInternet is getting more advanced. People over the world have access to the Internet at their home that allows them to be educated, to communicate with families and friends from far distance, and to be entertain by movies. Colleges, hospital, and other public places also provide free Internet for people to use. Internet makes it possible for people to share their knowledge of education and their experimental around the world. Teachers across the world can communicate with each other better than beforeRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Society1540 Words   |  7 PagesWe are living in a world where the Internet has become an integral part of our everyday life. Everything is at our fingertips through the Internet: school, work, business, personal, and so forth; that our society has made its usage almost mandatory. It has made everything easier and people today cannot even imagine how their lives would be without this genre of technologies. But, we cannot expect that something as useful as the Internet will not have adversely effects in people. However, in this

Thirteen Days vs. the real Cuban Missile Crisis Free Essays

The year is 1962 and American surveillance planes discover that the USSR is in the rocess of placing nuclear ballistic missiles in Cuba. The missiles have a said they are capable of reaching the majority of the United States Air Force bomber bases effectively crippling their ability to retaliate. It Is a race to find a means of removing the missiles before they become operational. We will write a custom essay sample on Thirteen Days vs. the real Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus the problem for the President is to decide whether to use force or diplomatic means to keep the missiles un-operational. Initial diplomatic attempts to come to a peaceful conclusion fail and the Secretary of Defence proposes a naval blockade which they call a â€Å"quarantine† nd if the Soviets ignore the blockade, the Navy will forcibly remove the ships from going to Cuba. This would quickly escalate the situation which Is clearly what the Secretary of Defence wanted but the President with help of his Special Assistant; Kenneth O’Donnell, realized that an invasion of Cuba by Americans would lead to the Soviets invading Berlin effectively causing a World War Ill. In the end through unique communication methods between the US and the Soviets the Soviets agree to remove the mlsslles from Cuba providing the us promises never to Invade Cuba as well as remove missiles from Turkey. One of the most criticized aspects of the movie Is that Kenneth O’Donnell; who was Special Assistant to the President had a very influential and substantial role in the movie. Quite often he is found dissuading President Kennedy from the so called solutions from the Secretary of Defence and his entourage. He is always reminding Kennedy of the repercussions of the actions that Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara proposes. At one point Kenneth said in reference to surveillance flights and the rules of engagement; that if a plan were shot at, the site would be bombed, â€Å"This is a setup. The chiefs want to go in. They need to redeem themselves for the Bay of Pigs. † This seemed quite reasonable as the Bay of Pigs was an unsuccessful attempt at military invasion of Cuba and those in charge needed redemption. Unfortunately; although Kenneth O’Donnell appeared a great protagonist, he did not have that kind of role In the crlsls In reality. Following the release of the movie the actual former Secretary of Defence; Robert McNamara, said â€Å"For God’s sakes, Kenny O’Donnell didn’t have any role whatsoever In the missile crisis; he was a political appointment secretary to the President; that’s absurd. It may seem as though McNamara could have Just been bitter about the way he was portrayed in the movie but the conclusion he came to was generally what all those involved in the crisis thought about O’Donnell’s role. Although McNamara pointed out that the role 1 OF2 O’Donnell played was slmllar to lea Sorenson saying â€Å"It was not Kenny O’Donnell who pulled us all together†it was Ted Sorensen. Ted Sorensen was President Kennedy’s Special Counsel ; Adviser and it makes much more sense for him to have taken on the ro le O’Donnell portrayed as President Kennedy once called him his â€Å"intellectual blood bank. † leading one to believe that the President must have had reat faith in Sorenson. President Kennedy asked Sorenson to take part in foreign policy as well as being a member of Excomm (The Executive Committee of the National Security Council) during the Crisis. All of this would lead one to believe Sorenson must have played the role of O’Donnell in reality. So why didn’t the producer Just stick with that in the film? It was because the appearance of Kenneth O’Donnell is much more appealing to the average American. He is the perfect protagonist, Just an average middle class American trying to do the right thing. That is why he was given this role and it is understandable why this trade off would be ade for entertainment purposes as Thirteen Days is a movie and not a documentary. How to cite Thirteen Days vs. the real Cuban Missile Crisis, Papers

I Am The Cheese Essay Example For Students

I Am The Cheese Essay I am the Cheese I am the CheeseBy Robert CormierI am the Cheese is a compelling and unconventional novel. The novels major strengths include the uses of a powerful theme, an intriguing title, and sophisticated writing techniques. It has three levels of narration that are interdependent, and yet keep the reader in a permanent state of confusion. Robert Cormier manages to create a puzzling, disturbing atmosphere for the most part of the novel, which fits in well with the theme of the book. He effectively reveals the theme, which is a revelation about the lies in our depraved society, with the use of manipulation and complex writing techniques. The title of the novel is also a extension of the books message, which contributes to the intensity of the story. In I am the Cheese, the main theme of the story deals with a weak, individual teenager facing the Establishment, and confronting the evil and lies which exists in our society. It is a story about the fight of the individual against a system where the lines between friend and enemy are blurred. An illustration of this would be Adams acquaintance with Mr. Grey and Brint. The reader cannot clearly label these mysterious people as good or bad. Although Adam and his family are under their total control, not much is known about who these people are, and what are their real motives. This novel exposes the fact that we are surrounded by secrets and lies, and because there are so many layers of reality, we are never sure what is the ultimate truth. A situation which describes this arises when Adams father changes his identity after discovering a conspiracy, and keeps this secret away from Adam to protect him. The outstanding theme ofI Am The Cheese is slowly revealed through the puzzling story of a bicycle ride, the interview tapes, and particularly in the last pages in the book. The authors purpose is to get inside each individual reader and force them to form their own opinions on good, evil, and what is right or wrong . The reader would surely come away from this book with questions about our world, how we live in it, and deliberations on how corrupt it really is. The theme of the novel reveals that in this case, it is not a question of good against evil, but simply that the cheese stands alone.Adam is the lone individual against the power of the government and the criminal syndicates, which makes the title of this book is an forceful one, because it recapitulates the theme of the novel. The song The Farmer in the Dell, which contains the lyrics from the title, is a meaningful song for Adam, who often reminisces about his father. Its our song, he says. I can remember how hed pick me up when I was just a kid and swing me almost to the ceiling, singing(P29) The title of this novel, I am the Cheese, is associated intriguingly to the complex story. The verses of the song are a series of links, and in the same way, Adam is the last in a series of links from organized crime, to the corrupted government, to a low form of existence. Adam has been drugged and is under the complete power, both emotionally and physically, of Brint and the mysterious inst ..itution which has the ability to decide his fate. When he is in such a despondent position, what does he really have left to lose? Even Adam can accept his predestined doom: I know, who I am, who I will always be. I am the cheese. (P217)The perplexing title of this book is an extension of the mood in this novel, which is somewhat ambivalent, due to the shifts from a perpetuating bike ride, to confusing, personal flashbacks and stoical interviews with Brint. The readers would feel uneasy as they follow Adam on his bike ride and the interview tapes, as if some things did not seem right in the plot. By the time we reach the climax and the denouement, where we learn the fate of Adam and his parents, a darkest and most sinister atmosphere is communicated through Adams tragic memories, such as the death of his mother. She stared at him with startled eyes but she was not really staring at him because Adam knew the eyes were sightless, vacant. She was dead, irrevocably dead, the knowledge irrefutable as he lay on the pavement now.(P207) As the example displays, this is a frightening novel which makes the reader as afraid to go forward as the protagonist is. The ending is a strong facet of the novel, as it leaves the reader disturbed and breathless. The truth which lies underneath is not expected and certainly not a usual ending in a novel. To create such an intense atmosphere in I am the Cheese, the author used a variety of writing techniques. These fascinating and extremely sophisticated methods assist the novel in manoeuvring the readers, and disintegrating the distinction between reality and hallucination. An instance of this occurs in the denouement of the novel. The reader learns that the bike ride had just been a figment of Adams imagination, interlaced with impressions from the real people around him. In an effective and unique technique, the writer throws a blinding shadow on an entire book with the last interview transcription. Suddenly, the most inconseque ntial clues come together, and reveal the secrets that are hidden underneath. The story is full of blank spaces which provide hidden meanings that come together like a jigsaw puzzle at the end. Uncertainties such as why Adam is unable to contact Amy, or what Adam is carrying to his father on his adventure, are all neatly resolved. The authors writing techniques, which include flashbacks, give way for alternative turns and endings to I am the Cheese. The conclusion could have been completely different, but this particular one is powerful since it is unbelievably lifelike and horrifying. In conclusion, I am the Cheese is a powerful, unique novel which deals with the morbid realities of life. It provides the reader with ideas to contemplate about our society, the facts which are kept from us, and the individual struggle against the Establishment. The elements which make up this impressive story include a prominent theme and title, the use of captivating techniques, and a complex mood. Robert Cormier has accomplished a stunning, memorable novel, and subsequent reading will fascinate the reader with new insight hidden between the lines.

Comparison between VoIP and Traditional Analog Telephones

Question: Describe the comparison between VoIP and traditional analog telephones. Answer: Presently, the internet is the central part of most of the worlds organizations strategies of communication, and the core foundation which is utilized by the organization to link with the investors and consumers. At present, with the introduction of VoIP, traditional landline phones are becoming obsolete. Utilizing the broadband connections provides various benefits to the businesses of all kind of sizes. Call charges are either immensely cheap or non-existent, and a large range of advantages and extra features are present which will assist in simplifying the system of business data management. To comprehend whether VoIP technologies can be utilized as a substitute to the conventional technologies, the inherent differences need to be understood Sound Quality The general sound quality of VoIP telephonic conversation, in the past, was of quite poor quality, in comparison the standard landline. This was due to the quality of data which was being transferred and the kind of transmission being transferred in packets. At present, due to huge advances being present in the VoIP transmission technology, VoIP transmissions sound quality is the same as landline phones and VoIP. Features A PBX system of landline consists of various other features which make conducting dealings and business with consumers simpler and more easy to handle call waiting, on-hold music, 3-way calling, call blocking, call forwarding, voicemail, caller ID, etc. VoIP also contains these features. Additionally, VoIP has the capability to provide various additional features which are exclusive to a system which is internet-centric. The employees can receive and make calls on the PC, and information regarding the calls can be easily incorporated with the system of content management. Additionally, VoIP has the capability to provide mobile integration, conferencing, and remote working. Reliability For numerous individuals, issues regarding consistency is prohibiting them from switching to VoIP from landline phones. VoIP utilizes internet, and this implies that VoIP depends on electricity for its operation. If a power cut occurs, then, the telephones will be down in addition to the network and all other systems. Analogue phones do not require electricity to operate. Additionally, VoIP depends on the fact that enough bandwidth is present. The greater the amount of simultaneous users, the greater the amount of bandwidth is necessary for its operation. Another key indicator of Reliability is the network coverage. Since a VOIP call isdemanding it would need a 3G / 4G network i.e., HSPA, HSPA+, LTE etc., to be able to provide the best audio quality end-to-end. However, VOIP calls can also work with 2.5G networks i.e., EDGE networks. Although they would never reliably work with GPRS networks. So, in order for VOIP calls to work for drivers, their mobile phones should be connected to a network upwards of EDGE networks. According to Cable.co.uk, UK has four major cellular networks. EE, O2, Vodafoneand Three. 4G networks coverage are at present as follows; EE covering 81% of the population, Vodafone covering 65%, O2 covering 66% and Three covering 53%. While at the same time 3G coverage of all of the three providers individually exceed 90% of UK area. So whether one chooses O2,Vodafone, EE or Three, the signal coverage should ideally be similar. The company wishes to enable three different abilities by incorporating an internet enabled smartphone device. The first ability is to talk to the drivers using VOIP, the second is to track the drivers in real-time and third is allowing them to update the system using a web application. All of these three abilities require an internet enabled smartphone and an active internet connection. All of these capabilities can be achieved using a cheap internet enabled device which has GPS capabilities and an active internet connection from one of the 4 service providers mentioned earlier. The cheapest 4G internet enabled smartphone from a reputed brand is Motorola E 4G which can support all the cellular networks up to 4G and also comes along a GPS capability. The company can easily deploy these phones for real-world usage with a tracking application and their preferred VOIP application after enabling the internet connection on the phone using any of the four cellular network.